The reductive coupling of ketones, induced by low-valent titanium, was studied by using benzophenone and cyclohexanone as model compounds. The reaction conditions were optimized. It is essential that TiCl3 is reduced completely before addition of the ketone. The reaction mechanism is deduced from ESR measurements. Both the inorganic and organic part of the radical reaction are discussed. Various techniques were invoked to obtain a model for the actual coupling site. The coupling reaction occurs on the surface of an active titanium specimen.In the early seventies three groups of investigators2"4 established that low-valent Ti, prepared by the action of

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Benzoesäure und Benzoesäurederivate (I) werden durch Behandlung mit Ti(III)‐chlorid und Lithiumalanat stufenweise in die Folgeprodukte (II)‐(IV) übergeführt, und für die einzelnen Komponenten werden die Anteile an Reaktionsprodukt bestimmt.