El conocimiento de la riqueza de mamíferos de Colombia se ha fundamentado en ejemplares depositados en colecciones nacionales y extranjeras y otros que hacen parte de sensores pasivos de muestreo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, las colecciones regionales están llenando vacíos de información, que complementan los datos disponibles sobre la distribución, variación intra e interespecífica y proporcionan muestras para análisis filogenéticos. Presentamos la información de 2112 registros depositados en la Colección de Mamíferos del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas, que a la fecha se constituye en la más completa del Eje Cafetero colombiano. La mayoría de los registros (n = 1412) proceden del departamento de Caldas, pero se cuenta con registros para 20 departamentos más. Los órdenes más representativos son Chiroptera (n = 1322 registros) y Rodentia (n = 434). La colección alberga dos ejemplares empleados para la descripción del marsupial endémico Marmosops chucha, así como al menos 363 ejemplares que han sido referenciados en publicaciones nacionales y extranjeras.

In Colombia, seven species of small-eared shrews of the genus Cryptotis Pomel, 1848 have been reported, and five of them endemic to the country. Here, we present the first confirmed record from Colombia of Cryptotis niausa Moreno Cárdenas & Albuja, 2014, a species that was previously known from only nine localities in Ecuador. The Colombian record comes from the Departamento de Nariño, in extreme southwestern Colombia, and it is supported by morphology and cytochrome-b gene evidence. This record increases to eight the number of species of Cryptotis from Colombia.

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The genus Molossops includes two species that are restricted to South America: Molossops neglectus and Molossops temminckii. The smaller dog-faced dwarf Molossops temminckii is distributed from Colombia to Argentina and has a wide morphological variation and vocal plasticity. In Colombia, this species remains poorly known. To fill distributional gaps, we present novel records from Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, and Huila departments. We also present an analysis of the morphometric variation in South America using Principal Component Analyses. These show an external and cranial difference of specimens of Colombia in respect of other and South America populations. In Colombian landscapes dominated by the floodplain savanna of the Orinoco region, Molossops temminckii is smaller than in the other regions of the country, and the previously suggested existence of cryptic diversity within the taxon should be evaluated. Therefore, we suggest further integrative analyses to investigate a possible subspecific status of some Colombian populations.

Eptesicus diminutus Osgood, 1915 is the smallest species of the subgenus Eptesicus found in South America. It has a discontinuous distribution, with northern populations in Colombia and Venezuela, and southern populations in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. We reviewed specimens assigned to the northern populations of E. diminutus and compared them to these from the southern populations. Based on morphologic, morphometric, and molecular analyses, we support the recognition of the northern populations of E. diminutus as a new species. This new species is distributed in the Llanos of the Orinoco region in Colombia and Venezuela (and likely in Guyana). Eptesicus sp. nov. is morphologically similar to E. diminutus and E. furinalis, from which it can be distinguished by its intermediate size. This taxon increases to 11 the number of species of bats of the subgenus Eptesicus in South America.