Introduction: Fertility is a vital ingredient in measuring population fluctuation. Bangladesh is still above the level of replacement level fertility. The target of this research was to determine the proximate factors on fertility rate reduction in Bangladesh. Methods: The 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) was used as secondary data. The association between fertility and sociodemographic variables was determined by bivariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis in a hierarchical approach was applied to determine the impact of factors on fertility rate reduction. Results: In the 2014 BDHS, the mean fertility of women aged 15-49 years was 2.45, and 76.5% of women were married at an early age. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that education has a significant effect on fertility rate. Increasing the education status of women decreased fertility, while other variants of Model I were controlled. Women who accomplish a secondary or higher education are more likely to have fewer children than illiterate women. Conclusion: The findings of the current study strongly recommend that efforts be made to augment female education, to inform women of the negative impact of early marriage, and to enhance the quality of contraceptive use for all ever-married women, particularly those living in the eastern region. Such steps would be the largest contribution to a future reduction in fertility rates in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Fertility transition is outright by prime four proximate determinants (marriage, contraception, postpartum infecundability, and abortion). The present study examines the contributions of proximate determinants on fertility decline and quantifies inhibiting the effect of major proximate determinants according to the socioeconomic characteristics in Bangladesh. Methods: The current study was based mainly on the three Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) carried out in 1993- 1994, 2004, and 2014. Bongaarts’ fertility framework was applied to analyze the proximate determinants of fertility in the socioeconomic status of women in Bangladesh. Results: In 1993-1994, contraception was the greatest impediment to fertility followed by postpartum infecundability, marriage, and induced abortion, respectively. In 2014, contraception was the highest fertility obstructing effect followed by marriage, postpartum infecundability, and abortion, respectively, in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Throughout the study period and even now, fertility is revered in the Sylhet and Chittagong divisions of Bangladesh. The fertility-inhibiting effect of marriage, contraception, and abortion has an affirmative relationship with the educational status of women. Postpartum infecundability, however, displays an inverse relationship with the educational status of women. Conclusion: The current study suggests that contraception plays a vital role in fertility reduction in Bangladesh. In particular, special attention should be placed on those regions (Chittagong and Sylhet divisions) that register low contraception prevalence rates. Special programs should focus on creating an awareness of the disadvantages of child marriage among women who reside in the division of Chittagong and Sylhet of Bangladesh.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors on child mortality in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Methods The research was performed using cross-sectional survey data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012-2013. The impact of sociodemographic factors on child mortality was estimated using a Poisson regression model for both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Results The findings of the study demonstrate that division, religion, women's education, women's age, contraception use, age at first marriage, birth interval, and number of children ever born had notable effects. Among these factors, poverty, women's age, age at first marriage, birth interval, and number of children ever born had significant effects on child mortality in both urban and rural areas. The risk was significantly lower among women with secondary or higher education than in women with no formal education in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh, and a negative association was found between wealth status and child mortality in rural areas. Conclusions The government should not only take the necessary steps to reduce child deaths in the rural zones of Dhaka, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and the Sylhet Division, but should also consider stopping the practice of early marriage by increasing women's education in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. It will implement the program to fulfill the 11th national election manifesto of the ruling government of Bangladesh.