The article considers the numerical study of multicriteria optimization of the minimum surface of a shell on rectangular contour taking into account the thermal load. The authors showed the theoretical formulation of multicriteria parametric optimization. Using of thermal force load is very important for objects that have a large span, especially using the static and temperature load in one place of a shell. This makes it possible to cover a wider range of construction site operation. In structural mechanics, there are three main types of standard shells of minimum surface: shape optimization, parametric optimization, and topological optimization. The article simultaneously combines two studies on the same object: shape optimization and parametric. The method of constructing this minimal surface on a rectangular contour is described. The specifics of the issuance of thermal power load in the optimization calculation, which is in all initial indicators and coefficients. The types of work of target functions are shown, namely: under what conditions they conflict, under what conditions they consolidate, under what conditions they are independent of each other. The numerical study uses the author's software, which allows in automatic mode a multicriteria optimization calculation with target functions - weight and Mises stress, design variables - thickness from 1 to 200 mm, presented as a Mises voltage of 240 MPa. The result showed that the target functions of the conflict change, but the weight decreases by 15%, and move along the coordination axes by 80% of the elements. After determining the displacements and stresses according to Mises, the process of designing and selecting the section of the structure for construction begins. The stage of design makes it possible to save material and redistribute it to the desired zones. From the graph of the change of objective functions according to the optimal height, what is the point for the objective functions - weight and move along the coordination axes is absence. The overall purpose of the study shows the possibility of using authoring software to use two types of optimization: optimization of shapes in the form of these minimum surface parameters on rectangular contour and multicriteria optimization together on the research subject, which is interesting and applied in structural mechanics.

This days the use of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in construction is common. Their widespread use has been made possibleby the achievements of engineers and architects ofpast centuries. The authors consider the main defining stages of development of concrete and reinforced concrete structures and their widespread popularization in the world. A consistent historicaloverview of the development of structural forms of reinforced concrete in residential and non-residential buildings was made. Numerous examples illustrate the path of development of reinforced concrete structures - from strut-beam systems to curvilinear spatial forms.The works of prominent civil engineers and architects are considered: F. Gennebique, M. Kenneth, O. Perre, R. Mayar, D. Mate Trucco, V. Bonade Bottino, R. Piano, E. Fressine, M. Berg, G. Trauer, E. Torroha, P. Luigi Nervi and others [2,13, 15].The article analyzes the development of architecture, building structures and construction technologies in the crucial phases of historical development based on the use of architectural research,which is based on the analysis of objective features of buildings and structures, namely their functional purpose and design capabilities. The experience of designing and construction of unique constructionswith large-span coverings, the search for rationalconstructive decisions are traced, recommendations for the further perspective development of reinforced concrete designs are given.

The widespread use of metal structures in construction became possible thanks to the work of architects and engineers of past centuries. The authors considered the main defining stages in the development of metal as a building material. A consistent historical review of the development of metal constructive forms in public buildings is presented. Numerous examples illustrate the path of development of metal structures - from post-and-beam systems to curvilinear spatial forms. The works of outstanding civil engineers and architects are considered: T. Pritchard, T. Payne, R. Burdon, T. Telford, V. Louis, A. Labrust, D. Paxton, C. Fox, G. Eiffel, I.V. Shwedler, D. Roebling and others. The development of architecture, building structures and construction technologies in decisive historical phases is analyzed. The method of architectural research was used, based on the analysis of objective features of buildings and structures, namely their functional purposes and design capabilities. The defining stages of the introduction and widespread use of metal structures in the practice of design and construction are investigated. The experience of designing and building unique structures with large-span coatings, rational design solutions is summarized, recommendations are given for the further promising development of metal structures.