The problem of supporting scientific and educational institutions is considered. A method of selective financing of scientific and educational institutions that create innovative technologies taking into account their investment in innovative developments is proposed. On the basis of statistical data on the indicators for assessing the activities of scientific and educational institutions and the indicator of the innovative potential of a scientific and educational institution from the production of innovations (PNn), their rating was calculated. The essence of PNn is to compare the indicators of the volumes of income of the special fund Dsfn and the volume of expenditures of the scientific and educational institution Vn. In order to stimulate scientific and educational institutions to create innovative technologies, it was proposed to introduce targeted investments. The problem of quantifying the rate of premium on the basis of an integrated approach in terms of indicators of innovative potential from the production of innovations and the rating of a scientific and educational institution for 2 institutions (namely: K and H) has been solved. Institution K will receive a large increase, and institution N will receive a smaller increase, the value of which will be 56.23 % and 43.76 %, respectively. The results showed the independence of the indicator of the innovative potential of a scientific and educational institution from the production of innovations from the previous rating of a scientific and educational institution, or vice versa. The proposed methodology has been tested by an experimental method, targeted investments have been determined based on an integrated approach in terms of indicators of innovative potential and the rating of a scientific and educational institution. This study is of practical interest to government authorities and grantors when allocating funds according to the vector of selective financing of scientific and educational institutions through targeted investments in the development of innovative technologies, and theoretically – to researchers dealing with issues of financial security, protectionism and public administration

Automotive industry is the strategically important part of the industry, which making the significant contribution in the formation of the gross domestic product, the attraction of investments and the creation of workplaces. The world experience of the automotive industry development shows the active participation of the states governments in the formation of the national automobile construction complexes, in particular, in the direction of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the domestic automobiles. At the same time, the growth of the internal demand for the domestic automobiles due to using the state measures creates not only new opportunities for the automotive enterprises, but also new threats. One of these threats is the risk of not receiving the desired economic effect (profit) by the automotive enterprises. The purpose of the article is the development of the methodical tools for the forecasting the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles. In the article the methodical tools for the forecasting the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles through the calculation of the amount of the expected profit and the level of the optimal economic risk are developed. At the same time, the forecasting the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles is proposed to implement in the six variants of the ratio of the initial internal demand for the domestic automobiles, the planned (expected as the result of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles) demand for the domestic automobiles and the production capacity of the automotive enterprises. It was found out that the factors that cause the increase of the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles are: the amount of the variable costs; the amount of the costs for the payment of the personnel labor of the enterprise; the cost of the automotive products; the size of the penalties for the failure to comply with the conditions of the concluded contracts for the production of automobiles; the amount of the capital investments. The factors that contribute to the reducing the economic risk of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles are: the volume of the orders for the automobiles, which was not accepted for the consideration when the planned production indicators were set; the value Стаття рекомендована до друку 06.

The article summarises the advanced world experience in government regulation of the automotive industry using the example of the leading automotive manufacturing countries – China, Japan, India, South Korea, the USA, and the European Union. Leading approach to the study of this problem is the comparative method that has afforded revealing peculiarities of the primary measures applied by governments of the world to regulate the automotive industry have been identified. A unified model for government regulation of the automotive industry has been elaborated. The presented model contains a set of measures for government support for the automotive industry depending on the life cycle stage (inception, growth, stabilisation, top position, stagnation, decline, crisis) of the automotive industry and the level (high, medium, low) of competitiveness of automotive enterprises.

Introduction. Among the problems faced by business, there is nothing more important and complex than the problem of the development and implementation of innovations. Innovation is the object of research by many scientists. But the study of any object must begin with an understanding of its essence. Today in the scientific literature there is no consensus on the essence of the concept of "innovation". Some scientists associate innovation with a system of one-time innovations that are introduced periodically; others researchers − with the end result of the introduction of innovation to change the object of management and obtain economic, social, environmental, scientific, technical or other effect; others scientists – with the life cycle of the enterprise and its products. The purpose of the paper is to study historical evolution and provide a modern interpretation of the definition of the category "innovation". Results. In the paper the authors using a monographic method conducted a retrospective review of interpretations of the concept of "innovation" by domestic scientists. Based on the study of the historical evolution of the definition of the category "innovation", a conclusion is made about the feasibility of a dualistic approach to identifying the essence of this concept. Conclusion. According to the chosen dualistic approach, innovation should be understood simultaneously as: the result of the innovation process (newly created or improved science-intensive technologies, methods of management/entrepreneurship, various types of products, services, works); the process, which includes research, design, development, organization of production and management, commercialization and distribution of the various types of products, services, works, and provides a synergistic effect of the integrated interaction of economic, social, environmental, scientific, technical and technological effects.

The automotive industry is a powerful driver of national economic development. Today, the automotive industry of Ukraine faces fierce struggle with foreign auto concerns. At the same time, the competition with brands of foreign automakers is of a purely price nature due to the fact that Ukrainian automotive products are obsolete. Under the circumstances, the domestic automakers need to elaborate new approaches to forming their competitive strategies in the automotive market. The purpose of the article is the elaboration and approbation of methodological support for the formation of the competitive strategies of automakers based on typologization of regional automotive markets. In the article the model for forming the competitive strategies of automakers based on typologization of regional automotive markets by influence of factors of socioeconomic development and the competitive status of automaker is developed. By the criterion «influence of factors of socioeconomic development» the regional automotive markets can be typed as «production-oriented», «socially-oriented», «trade-oriented», «financially-and investmentoriented», «innovation-oriented», «mixed». By the criterion «competitive status of the automaker» the regional automotive markets can be typed as «with a high competitive status of the automaker», «with a medium competitive status of the automaker», «with a low competitive status of the automaker». The constructed model for forming the competitive strategies of automakers based on typologization of regional automotive markets is tested using the example of PJSC «Zaporizhzhia