Malaria is a parasitic disease defined as a major problem of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. One of the constraints of the control of this disease might be the genetic diversity of the main pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum. This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in individuals at the regional health center in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire. A total of 380 blood samples were collected from patients, from June to October, 2015, based on malaria clinical signs and symptoms. Whole DNA was extracted from blood samples tested positive by microscopic examination for P. falciparum. A nested PCR targeting the msp-1(block 2) allelic families was implemented for the parasite genetic diversity. The associations between malaria infection and socio-environment factors were estimated. Out of the 380 examined patients, 262 were tested positive by microscopic examination representing a prevalence of 68.95%. Genotyping from 160 sample randomly chosen allowed to identify 35 alleles comprising 13 K1, 12 Mad 20 and 10 Ro33 type. Mixed infections were significantly correlated with the parasite load. The number of parasite strains hosted by a patient was significantly linked to the level of anemia and the parasite density. The multiplicity of the infection (MOI) decreased significantly with the age. Genetic variability of strains is a very important parameter to be taken into account in the epidemiology of malaria. The present results should draw the attention of decision-makers to develop a better monitoring strategy for the elimination of malaria in an endemic country such as Côte d'Ivoire.

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, is associated with diverse clinical outcomes. Host's genetic factors involved in immunity are potential factors that can regulate infection. Genetic polymorphisms within HLA-G could influence the level of HLA-G expression and therefore play a critical role in infection outcomes. The goal of our study was to investigate the association of 14 bp Indel

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are pathogens frequently involved in urinary tract infections with high epidemic potential. The increase and spread resistance of these microbes to broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics are usually reported and is a real public health concern in Côte d'Ivoire but information on genetic variants and intragenic mutations encoding these resistances are scarce. The aim of this study is to characterize genetic variants and describe the intragenic mutations underlying resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics in uropathogen E. coli and K. pneumoniae in HKB and CHR hospitals with different epidemiological facies in Côte d'Ivoire. 39 strains comprising 30 of E. coli and 9 strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated from which DNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced. ESBLs genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction in 58.8 % of strain analysis. No significant difference was observed between ESBL from HKB and CHR hospitals although HKB and CHR sites present 50 and 56.8% of ESBL respectively. Nucleotide sequences subjected to BLASTn for sequences similarity and homology revealed diversity of resistance genes with dominance of the gene encoding the extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15 and the emergence of a new blaTEM-9 gene in Côte d'Ivoire. The significant co-expression of ESBLs might impact 3 rd generation cephalosporin multiresistance among pathogenic bacteria infecting patient population. Routine antibiogram practice could guide the choice of optimal antibiotic therapy for successful treatment and delay the occurrence of multidrug resistance in enterobacterial infections.

House mice, Mus musculus, are classified as one of the most widespread mammals in the world. They harbor and spread many zoonotic pathogens, such as viruses (hantavirus), bacteria (Leptospira interrogans), protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii) and helminths (Hymenolepis spp.). In view of the real public health problems caused by mouse urine in the contamination of domestic foods, this study proposed to contribute to food safety by assessing the sanitary risk of the urinary microbiome of domestic mice. Bacteria were isolated and identified on CHROMAgarTM Orientation, Chromo E. coli O157H7 culture media and biochemical tests from urine samples collected from house mice in the city of Daloa. A total of 28 urine samples were tested and three bacterial genera Enterococcus, Stapphylococcus and Escherichia were identified with overall frequencies of occurrence of 60.7 %, 42.9 % and 35.7 % respectively. No significant differences were observed between these frequencies. Within the E. coli strain lineage, the potentially human pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 serotype was detected with an overall frequency of 50 %. The presence of E. coli O157:H7 in the urinary tract of house mice therefore represent a health risk for the surrounding population. This study therefore recommends through its results, the implementation of good hygiene practices for food safety, which can reduce the risks of transmission of microbial agents.

The problem of antibiotic resistance of uropathogens appears in Abobo municipality to be worsening because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. This study aims to assess the impact of drugs pressure on uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from patients attending Abobo-Avocatier Hospital. The study was conducted in patients suffering from urinary tract infection. Urine samples of patients were collected; culture and antibiogram using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were performed. The overall prevalence was 31.1% with a significant difference between males and females (p = 0.01). The highest susceptible age group of patients to UTI was 21-45 years (33%). E. coli and Klebsiella spp were the predominant bacteria among isolated Gram negative. Up to 70% of the isolates of both uropathogens were resistant to Penicillins, Tetracyclines and Ampicillin-Sulbactam. Imipenem was the most active antibiotic on these uropathogens. Quinolones showed a better activity on Klebisiella spp. strains than those of E. coli. The high value of the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index and the rate of multi-resistance from this site suggest the need for continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria implicated in UTI prior to antibiotic prescription in order to ensure optimal and desired treatment.