Two novel strains (HMF3257T and HMF4905T), isolated from freshwater and bark samples, were investigated to determine their relationships within and between species of the genus Spirosoma by using a polyphasic approach. They were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacteria. The major fatty acids (>10%) in both strains were identified as summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and C16 : 1 ω5c, while strains HMF3257T and HMF4905T contained a moderately high amount of C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, respectively. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 for both strains. In addition to phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified glycolipid, the polar lipid profile of strain HMF3257T consisted of three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids, and that of strain HMF4905T consisted of one unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains HMF3257T and HMF4905T were 47.2 and 46.4 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains HMF3257T and HMF4905T are closely related to Spirosoma migulaei 15J9-8T (97.0 % sequence similarity), while sharing 97.4 % sequence similarity with each other. The average nucleotide identity value between strains HMF3257T and HMF4905T was 81.1 %, and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between these two strains was 24.4 %. Based on the above data, strains HMF3257T and HMF4905T represent two novel members within the genus Spirosoma , for which the names Spirosoma telluris sp. nov. and Spirosoma arboris sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of S. telluris is HMF3257T (=KCTC 62463T=NBRC 112670T) and type strain of S. arboris is HMF4905T (=KCTC 72779T=NBRC 114270T).

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A novel strain, designated HMF3095, isolated from freshwater of a mesotrophic artificial lake in the Republic of Korea, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, straight rods and formed reddish colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain HMF3095 fell within the cluster of the genus Hymenobacterand was most closely related to Hymenobacter seoulensis 16F7G and Hymenobacter tenuis POB6 (96.7 % sequence similarity). Sequence similarities to all other type strains were 96.3 % or less. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 58.9 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMF3095 represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter aquatilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMF3095 (=KCTC 52398=NBRC 112669).

A Gram-stain-negative and non-motile bacterial strain that formed rods and orange-pigmented colonies, designated HMF6543, was isolated from sand of seashore on the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain HMF6543 grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HMF6543 belonged to the genus Sabulilitoribacter. The most closest related species was Sabulilitoribacter multivorans M-M16 (96.7 %, sequence similarity). Strain HMF6543 contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain HMF6543 were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HMF6543 was 31.9 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMF6543 represents a novel species of the genus Sabulilitoribacter, for which the name Sabulilitoribacterarenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMF6543 (=KCTC 52401=NBRC 112674).

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