Objectives: To determine the different types of non-pharmacological remedies adopted by the patients with type 2 diabetes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from Oct 2018 to Nov 2019. Methodology: A total of 280 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study. All patients with multiple comorbidities and type 1 diabetes were excluded from the study. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect data using face to face interviews. The questionnaire was related to the biodata of the patients and the use of non-pharmacological measures to control the diabetes. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.7 ± 9.77 years. About 256 (91.4%) stated that they used non-pharmacological measures along with their medications to control diabetes. Most of the patients 248 (96.8%), were only on dietary modifications; regular exercise 82 (32%) and various types of medicinal herbs/spices were used by 65 (25.3%) patients. Regular walking was the most common exercise chosen by patients and most of them preferred to walk 30 minutes daily. Out of 241 (97%) patients altered their diet to low carbohydrates and rice consumption, increased use of fruits and vegetables 29 (11.6%) and cereals by 24 (9.6%) patients. Conclusion: The study concluded that patients were highly inclined towards the use of non-pharmacological measures to control their illness.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of sleep-in patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Duration: Psychiatry Department and Medicine Ward of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from Apr to Nov 2018. Methodology: All patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. All cases under age 30, type I diabetes, gestational diabetes and patients with severe illness were excluded. The data of sociodemographic lifestyle factors was collected through a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire and sleep quality of patients was assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results of the data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 260 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 197 (76%) were female. The mean age of the sample was 55.7 ± 9.89 years, with only 54 (20.8%) having normal body mass index. More than 50% of sample was poor sleepers and educational status was found to be strongly associated with quality of sleep (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicates that patients with Diabetes Mellitus often experienced sleep irregularities hence poor sleep quality. There is a need to increase the awareness regarding sleep quality among patients and health professionals as well while assessing the patients with Diabetes Mellitus.