The purpose of this study is to propose and discuss the pedagogical idea of introducing conditional probability with the relative frequency approach. This study developed a learning activity and simulation using the frequency tree diagram and implemented them. The first-year high school students (n=14) were able to construct the concept of conditional probability through a frequency perspective of sequentially obtaining the conditional relative frequency, the limit of the relative frequency, and the theoretical probability. The implications for teaching and curriculum were presented.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the <Artificial Intelligence Mathematics> textbook focusing on forecast and optimization. The topic of forecast and optimization addresses the core principles of artificial intelligence. The analytical framework in the study was developed by deriving reconstructed achievement standards and teaching and learning guidelines from three achievement standards about forecast and optimization. Moreover, five types of textbooks were analyzed. The results have several implications for developing a revised curriculum and textbook.