Results: The participants (61.7%) are aware of the use of risk assessment procedures as a coping strategy for medicine shortages, and named the particular risk assessment procedure they are familiar with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) (26.4%), root cause analysis (RCA) (23.5%), the healthcare FMEA (HFMEA) (14.7%), and the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) (14.7%). Only 29.4% report risk assessment as integrated into mitigation strategy protocols. Risk assessment is typically conducted within multidisciplinary teams (35.3%). Whereas 14.7% participants were aware of legislation stipulating risk assessment implementation in shortages, 88.2% claimed not to have reported their findings to their respective official institutions. 85.3% consider risk assessment a useful mitigation strategy. Conclusion: The study indicates a lack of systematically organized tools used to prospectively analyze clinical as well as operationalized risk stemming from medicine shortages in healthcare. There is also a lack of legal instruments and sufficient data confirming the necessity and usefulness of risk assessment in mitigating medicine shortages in Europe.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify the level of job satisfaction among hospital pharmacists in Romania in relation to environmental, socio-demographic, and individual factors. Material and Methods: Seventy-eight hospital pharmacists were included in the research. The Job Satisfaction Scale was used to measure the level of satisfaction with their current jobs, and the TAS-20 was used to evaluate emotional experience and awareness. Additionally, 12 items were formulated in order to identify the reasons for dissatisfaction with jobs, such as budget, number of working hours, legislation, relationships with colleagues, hospital departments, or stakeholders. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Results: The analyses of the data revealed a low level of satisfaction regarding the pay–promotion subscale, a high level of satisfaction with the management–interpersonal relationship dimension, and a high level of satisfaction regarding the organization–communication subscale. Seventy-four percent of subjects are dissatisfied about the annual budget, and 86.3% are not at all satisfied with present legislation. Conclusions: These results are important for hospital pharmacists and hospital management in order to focus on health policies, management, and environmental issues, with the purpose of increasing the level of satisfaction among hospital pharmacists.

The pharmacist's profession has faced great challenges in recent decades. Academic training and continuing education have to cover the multitude of pharmacists' responsibilities. The current study aimed to identify the opinions of pharmacists from various areas of activity fields (hospitals, pharmaceutical chains, laboratories, or community pharmacies) regarding the profession of pharmacist, job satisfaction and willingness to attend training courses. A total of 481 respondents were included in the study. The research collected socio-demographic, medical, professional and institutional data. It was found that pharmacists were least satisfied with the salary level and most satisfied with their relationships with colleagues. Moreover, almost half of the pharmacists took communication courses, and almost a third completed leadership courses. Half of the respondents were in management positions. The pharmacy profession needs to be continuously supported by laws with impact at both professional and organisational level, in order to increase pharmacists' satisfaction regarding profession and workplace. RezumatProfesia de farmacist se confruntă cu mari provocări, deoarece atât formarea academică, cât și educația continuă trebuie să acopere multitudinea de responsabilități și tipuri de locuri de muncă din ce în ce mai diverse ale farmaciștilor. Studiul de față a urmărit să identifice opinia farmaciștilor din diverse arii de activitate (spitale, lanțuri farmaceutice, laboratoare sau farmacii comunitare) cu privire la profesia de farmacist, satisfacția la locul de muncă și disponibilitatea de a urma cursuri de perfecționare. Un număr de 481 respondenți au fost incluși în studiu. Cercetarea a colectat date socio-demografice, medicale, profesionale și organizaționale. S-a evidențiat faptul că farmaciștii sunt foarte puțin mulțumiți de nivelul de salarizare și consideră că au o relație bună cu colegii. De asemenea, aproape jumătate dintre farmaciști au urmat cursuri de comunicare și aproximativ o treime au finalizat cursuri de leadership. Jumătate dintre respondenți au funcție de conducere. Profesia de farmacist trebuie să fie permanent susținută prin legi cu impact atât la nivel profesional, cât și la nivel organizațional, pentru a crește motivația farmaciștilor cu privire la profesie și la locul de muncă.