No abstract

Although further studies are warranted, we consider the use of octreotide a good alternative in palliative treatment of symptomatic liver metastases in patients with end-stage malignant disease.

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. A wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms can involve the spine. The imaging features of these lesions are often characteristic. We present an overview of the imaging modalities in primary tumors of the spine in order to provide a useful tool in current radiologic practice. The role of CT and MRI is discussed.

The aim of this study was to measure the absorbed dose to seven organs other than the breast in mammography in order to calculate their contribution to the effective dose. The absorbed dose to these organs was measured using a lucite upper body anthropomorphic phantom containing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) at appropriate locations, exposed as in a mammographic examination. In addition, the dependence of the absorbed dose on kVp, mAs and breast thickness was examined. The absorbed dose due to scattered radiation was found to be negligible to all organs except to the sternum red bone marrow (SRBM) and the thyroid. The mean doses to the SRBM and the thyroid, for a set of four exposures, one craniocaudal and one 90 degrees mediolateral per breast, simulating a complete breast screening examination, varied between 0.40 and 1.27 and 0.05-0.17 microGy mAs(-1), respectively, depending on the breast thickness and the kVp selection. Effective dose from mammography was also calculated based on the absorbed dose to the breast, the SRBM and the thyroid and tissue-weighting factors. The effective dose was found to vary between 0.66 and 0.85 microSv mAs(-1) depending on the breast thickness and the kVp value selected. The radiation dose to the breast contributes over 98% to the effective dose.