Nas Ciências Forenses, a tecnologia da manufatura aditiva vem sendo utilizada há alguns anos como ferramenta para auxiliar no processo de identificação humana. A possibilidade de imprimir provas importantes, como armas empregadas em crimes, objetos, ossos, dentes e restos corporais, torna-se interessante, uma vez que diminui a necessidade de movimentação e manuseio das provas originais. No entanto, por ser um método recente, são necessárias análises e padronizações para verificar qual a melhor técnica de impressão para cada caso. Com o objetivo de verificar o que há na literatura sobre o uso da manufatura aditiva em Ciências Forenses e no processo de identificação humana, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura em diferentes bases de dados sobre o uso da impressão 3D em Ciências Forenses e no processo de identificação humana, utilizando os termos “3D print and forensic sciences”, “3D print and forensics”, addictive manufacture and forensics”, “3D print and human identification” e “addictive manufacture and human identification”; foi estabelecido o período de 2017 a 2022. Embora a impressão 3D pareça ser obtida de forma singular, sua confecção pode ser realizada de diversas formas, mas essa diversidade não afeta a fidedignidade da impressão. Armas, ossos, dentes, feridas, trajetórias de projéteis, impressões digitais ou de órgãos, entre outros são reproduzidos tridimensionalmente, e utilizados comumente em tribunais para auxiliar a Justiça. Os resultados encontrados apontam a grande precisão das réplicas obtidas a partir da impressão 3D, tanto quantitativamente (avaliação métrica) como qualitativamente (avaliação morfológica), indicando a validação da aplicação da manufatura aditiva em Ciências Forenses, assim auxiliando a Justiça e a sociedade.
Chalcones are phenolic compounds produced during the biosynthesis of flavonoids that have numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer. In this in vitro study, we investigate a newly synthesized chalcone (Chalcone T4) in the context of bone turnover, specifically on the modulation of osteoclast differentiation and activity and osteoblast differentiation. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were used as models of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Differentiation and activity osteoclasts were induced by RANKL in the presence and absence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of Chalcone T4, added in different periods during osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast differentiation and activity were assessed by actin ring formation and resorption pit assay, respectively. Expression of osteoclast-specific markers (Nfatc1, Oscar, Acp5, Mmp-9 and Ctsk) was determined by RT-qPCR, and the activation status of relevant intracellular signaling pathways (MAPK, AKT and NF-kB) by Western blot. Osteoblast differentiation and activity was induced by osteogenic culture medium in the presence and absence of the same concentrations of Chalcone T4. Outcomes assessed were the formation of mineralization nodules via alizarin red staining and the expression of osteoblast-related genes (Alp e Runx2) by RT-qPCR. Chalcone T4 reduced RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity, suppressed Oscar, Acp5 and Mmp-9 expression, and decreased ERK and AKT activation in a dose-dependent manner. Nfact1 expression and NF-kB phosphorylation were not modulated by the compound. Mineralized matrix formation and the expression of Alp and Runx2 by MC3T3-E1 cells were markedly stimulated by Chalcone T4. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Chalcone T4 inhibits in osteoclast differentiation and activity and stimulates osteogenesis, which indicates a promising therapeutic potential in osteolytic diseases.
Curcumin, contained at Turmeric (Curcuma longa), can exert many beneficial pleiotropic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamsters. Phytochemical analysis of crude C. longa extract (CLE) was performed to detect the presence of curcumin by TLC and HPLC. Golden Syrian hamsters were orally pre-treated with CLE (5, 50, or 100mg/kg). Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. ELISA was performed to quantify the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed by ultravioletvisible spectroscopy analysis. Behavior analysis was conducted by the open field test. Curcumin content in the CLE was 0.55%m/m ± 0.0161 (2.84%). The group treated with 5mg/kg CLE showed healing evidence with macroscopic absence of ulceration (p<0.05) and microscopic aspect of re-epithelialization, discrete inflammatory infiltrate and absence of edema. Treatment with 5mg/kg CLE significantly increased GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels and SOD activity (p˂0.05), and decreased IL-1β (p˂0.05) and TNF-α (p˂0.01) levels. A significant reduction in walking distance, ambulation, speed, and rearing was observed for motor activity. Curcumin reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and motor activity in hamsters with 5-FU-induced OM.
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