Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. We investigated whether the carotenoid bixin (BIX) may reduce oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and the atherosclerotic lesion induced by hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Rabbits received regular chow (control) or a hypercholesterolemic diet (0.5% cholesterol) alone or supplemented with BIX (10, 30 or 100 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) or simvastatin (15 mg/kg b.w.) for 60 days. Treatment with BIX or simvastatin reduced the atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits (up to 55 and 96% reduction, respectively). This protective effect of BIX was accompanied by decrease in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha by 15%, interleukin 6 by 19%, lipid peroxidation by 60%, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 37%, and triglycerides by 41%. BIX increased by 160% the HDL-C levels and decreased by 67% the atherogenic index of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In atherosclerotic rabbits, the non-protein thiol groups content and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and thioredoxin reductase were increased in the aortic tissue, whereas paraoxonase activity was reduced in the serum. All these changes were completely prevented by BIX or simvastatin treatment. These results demonstrate that BIX reduces the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and this effect was associated with the decrease in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and improvement of dyslipidemia, which were most effectively controlled after treatment with 10-30 mg BIX/kg b.w. BIX consumption may, therefore, be an adjuvant to prevent atherosclerosis reducing risk factors for coronary diseases.
We evaluated whether carotenoid astaxanthin (ASX) could prevent oxidative and atherosclerotic damage in rabbits. Rabbits received regular chow (control) or an atherogenic diet (1% cholesterol) alone or supplemented with 50, 100, and 500 mg% ASX for 60 days (n = 5-9 per group). The atherogenic diet increased the serum cholesterol levels and the ratio of the intima/media area in the aortic arch. These changes were not prevented by ASX. Atherosclerotic rabbits showed increased aortic lipid peroxidation and nonprotein thiol group (NPSH) levels along with inhibition of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). All ASX doses attenuated lipid peroxidation and the increase in NPSH but not the inhibition of GSH-Px. Aortic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities were enhanced in atherosclerotic rabbits. Although all ASX doses prevented the increase in SOD activity, only 100 and 500 mg% ASX prevented the increase in CAT activity. Furthermore, these same doses partially prevented the increase in TrxR activity, while 50 mg% ASX completely prevented the effects of the atherogenic diet on this enzyme. However, ASX did not attenuate the hypercholesterolemia or the atherosclerotic lesions caused by the atherogenic diet at any of the doses evaluated. Our results indicate that although ASX did not prevent hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic lesions, it could play a beneficial role by preventing lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de coelhos oriundos de dois grupos genéticos, foram utilizados 456 coelhos filhos de matrizes cruzadas de Nova Zelândia branco (NZb) com Chinchila (CH) e de NZb com Califórnia (CF). Todas as matrizes foram acasaladas com machos híbridos (Gigante de Flândres x Prateado de Champagne). As matrizes foram alojadas em gaiolas de arame galvanizado com comedouro semi-automático metálico, bebedouro tipo nipple e ninho acoplado de madeira com 60 x 30 x 30 cm. Os láparos foram pesados diariamente do nascimento até os 30 dias de idade. Quando cada lote atingiu idade média de 35 dias, os animais foram desmamados e avaliados quanto ao desempenho pós-desmame. Nessa fase os animais foram alojados, em dupla, em gaiolas de arame galvanizado contendo comedouro tipo pote de barro, bebedouro automático tipo nipple e prancha de descanso. A pesagem dos coelhos, bem como a pesagem da ração e das sobras foi realizada a cada 14 dias e a avaliação do desempenho dos animais e cálculo da conversão alimentar foi feita até os 90 dias de idade. Não ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos genéticos para número de láparos por ninhada até o desmame, no peso corporal, no ganho de peso, no consumo de ração, na conversão alimentar até 90 dias de idade, no peso pré-abate, peso absoluto e relativo de patas e pele, de coração e de vísceras. Porém, os animais oriundos de Chinchila apresentaram maior peso absoluto e relativo de fígado, enquanto animais oriundos de Califórnia apresentaram maior rendimento de carcaça e peso absoluto e relativo de cabeça. Observou-se em ambos os grupos genéticos uma redução linear no número de láparos por ninhada até os 30 dias de idade devido à mortalidade pré-desmame. O peso médio dos láparos apresentou efeito quadrático crescente, com maior crescimento depois dos 21 dias, efeito esse causado provavelmente por ser a fase em que os filhotes deixam o ninho e iniciam a ingestão de ração peletizada além do leite materno. O peso corporal, o ganho de peso e o consumo de ração aumentaram linearmente em ambos os tratamentos, com o avanço da idade, além de ocorrer piora na conversão alimentar. Conclui-se que os dois cruzamentos são viáveis, porém animais com 25% de Califórnia apresentaram melhor rendimento de carcaça do que animais com 25% de Chinchila, quando usados em mestiçagem.
The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillaswere divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: , Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months RESUMO Objetivou-se aferir a pressão intraocular (PIO) em olhos saudáveis de chinchilas usando o tonômetro de rebote. Além disso, pretende-se verificar se existem diferenças nos valores de pressão intraocular em relação à idade e ao sexo dos animais e o período do dia. Trinta e seis chinchilas foram divididas em três grupos com 12 animais cada, considerando as idades, designados por GI (2-6 meses), GII (20-34 meses) e GIII (37-135 meses
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.