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[reaction: see text] The biocatalytic reduction of alpha-alkyl-1,3-diketones and alpha-alkyl-beta-keto esters employing 1 of 20 different isolated NADPH-dependent ketoreductases proved to be a highly efficient method for the preparation of optically pure keto alcohols or hydroxy esters.

Regio-and stereoselective reductions of asubstituted 1,3-diketones to the corresponding bketo alcohols or 1,3-diols by using commercially available ketoreductases (KREDs) are described. A number of a-monoalkyl-or dialkyl-substituted symmetrical as well as non-symmetrical diketones were reduced in high optical purities and chemical yields, in one or two enzymatic reduction steps. In most cases, two or even three out of the four possible diastereomers of a-alkyl-b-keto alcohols were synthesized by using different enzymes, and in two examples both ketones were reduced to the 1,3-diol. By replacing the a-alkyl substituent with the OAc group, 1-keto-2,3-diols, as well as 1,2,3-triols were synthesized in high optical purities. These enzymatic reactions provide a simple, highly stereoselective and quantitative method for the synthesis of different diastereomers of valuable chiral synthons from nonchiral, easily accessible 1,3-diketones.

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Carbon-nanodot-doped g-C3N4 is used as a photocatalyst to promote the aerobic oxidation of alcohols and oxyfunctionalisation of activated hydrocarbons.