This paper looks at the extraction of oil from African Breadfruit (Treculia Africana) seeds using different solvents. The seeds were crushed into powder and the oil was extracted from the powder. The method of extraction employed was soxhlet (Solvent extraction method). The solvents used were Acetone, N-hexane, Ethanol, Petroleum Ether and Diethyl ether. The amount of oil extracted by each solvent was recorded and the % yield was calculated.Conc. Diethyl ether had the highest % yield of 15.02 while Ethanol had the lowest % yield of 0.2. Also there was a significant difference in the yield of oil extracted byDiethyl ether and Conc. Diethyl ether showing that the concentration of a particular solvent has an effect on the quantity of oil yield.

This research was carried out to model cumulative Biogas produced from sawdust cow dung and water hyacinth as an alternative means of sawdust disposa. The model was done using statistical tools via determination of coefficients of regression for the following digester setups which were made up A, B, C, D, E, F, and G with varying sawdust concentrations but with a constant concentration of cow dung and water hyacinth. The linear, exponential and polynomial models were tested with the obtained data, and the results obtained for each of the digesters showed that polynomial model best fitted the cumulative biogas production at any given day with R 2 values of 0.

Abstract:The technical analysis carried out in this paper is aimed at dealing with element incorporation, structure generation and optimization of the gas-to-liquid (GTL) process. The GTL model developed did not include the desulphurization unit as well as the product upgrading unit. A detailed description of the sequential steps for analyzing the process is as follows: firstly, a base-case process is designed with parameters and operating conditions obtained from literature. Secondly, this flowsheet is simulated with computer-aided simulation package ASPEN Hysys V8.4 to evaluate the specific characteristics of the main equipment and streams entering and leaving units. Thirdly, the simulated base case was analyzed in terms of Thermal Efficiency (TE), Carbon Efficiency (CE) and product flow to upgrading. This process was carried out using the optimizer tool for steady-state modelling to account for multiple variables in the Hysys simulation with the aid of case studies to maximize a given objective function. This resulted in a CE of 82.41%, TE of 65.93% and a production of 19940 bbl/d of syncrude.

Abstract:Besides meeting international stringent LNG product specification, this work will address the problem of off-spec product, high operational cost of acid gas (CO 2 ) removal and pollution-free product, which is currently a huge global challenge. This work studied other ways by which amine unit can best be optimized to produce LNG gas with low CO 2 -content and high cost of acid gas removal. MDEA instead of DEA solvent-absorption method was chosen for the optimization using HYSYS 3.1 process simulator to predict the CO 2 removal through the establishment of process operating conditions. A base case of amine-based CO 2 removal process was used to create a steady-state and dynamic simulation using HYSYS 3.1 simulator. The differences between the values of acid gas loading capacity and CO 2 content of the existing DEA operational value and HYSYS simulations were 0.00005 and 4.98 respectively. This established the advantage and accuracy of the HYSYS simulator and the developed models. The simulation results showed that the proposed MDEA had higher CO 2 removal capacity of 89% to 55.02% for DEA and lower CO 2 content of 0.0012 mole of CO 2 in sweet gas to 0.014 mole of CO 2 in DEA. MDEA had higher solvent recovery of 83% to 60% recovery for DEA. The pump size required to recycle MDEA with molar flow rate of 1877 Kg mol/hr. was smaller and less expensive than that required for DEA at 2371 Kg mol./hr. resulting in lower production cost.

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