In this digital era, all-optical logic gates (OLGs) proved its effectiveness in execution of high-speed computations. A unique construction of an all-optical OR, NOR, NAND gates based on the notion of power combiner employing metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide in the Y-shape in a minimal imprint of 6.2 µm × 3 µm is presented and the structure is evaluated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The insertion loss (IL) and extinction-ratio (ER) for proposed model are 6 dB and 27.76 dB for NAND gate, 2 dB and 20.35 dB for NOR gate and 6 dB and 24.10 dB respectively. The simplified model is used in the construction of complex circuits to achieve greater efficiency, which contributes to the emergence of a new technique for designing plasmonic integrated circuits.

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Energy efficiency has been a major research topic in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Because the sensor networks are powered by batteries, they will die after a given amount of time. As a result, extending the life of sensor equipment by optimizing data dissipation in a cost-effective manner remains a difficulty. Generally, Flat, Hierarchical and location-based routing are the three types of routing Protocol. Awareness of the network structure and Routing Protocol is essential, and it must be suitable for the user need. The survey presents Comparison of various LEACH Protocols in WSN

Image processing is a diverging area where researches and advancements are taking a geometrical progress in the agricultural field. Various researches are going on vigorously in plant disease detection. Identification of plant diseases can not only maximize the yield production but also can be supportive for varied types of agricultural practices. Disease classification on plant is very critical for supportable agriculture. It is very difficult to monitor or treat the plant diseases manually. It requires huge amount of work, and also need the excessive processing time, therefore image processing is used for the detection of plant diseases. Plant disease classification involves the steps like Load image, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, svmClassifer. Detecting disease may be a key to stop agricultural losses. The aim of this project is to develop a software system answer that mechanically find and classify disease.

In this digital era, all-optical logic gates (OLGs) proved its effectiveness in execution of high-speed computations. A unique construction for all optical NAND gate based on the notion of power combiner employing metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide in the Y-shape in a minimal imprint of 6.2 µm × 3 µm is presented and the structure is evaluated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The insertion loss (IL) and extinction-ratio (ER) for proposed model are 6 dB and 27.76 dB. The simplified model is used in the construction of complex circuits to achieve greater efficiency, which contributes to the emergence of a new technique for designing plasmonic integrated circuits.