Introduction: Vitamin D has a great impact on human health and disease. Recent studies proved that hypovitaminosis D is a possible risk factor for the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In the present study, we evaluated vitamin D levels and its correlation with the duration of diabetes, sex, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and microvascular complications in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without microvascular complications. Objectives:To study and correlate vitamin D levels and its relation with duration of diabetes, sex, glycemic control, and microvascular complication in T2DM patients with and without microvascular complications. Materials and methods:Cross-sectional case-control study of 200 patients (35-70 years) suffering from T2DM was included. The T2DM patients without microvascular complications served as control group. Enrolled subjects underwent complete physical examination to detect the presence of microvascular complications, which includes microfilament tests, detailed fundus examination, urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio. Fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and serum vitamin D were also measured by using serum sample. Results:Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was found to be significantly higher in T2DM patients with microvascular complications (19.54 ± 2.56 vs 28.57 ± 2.93) as compared with T2DM patients without microvascular complications (p < 0.001). Hypovitaminosis D was found to be significantly more in females (60.75%) compared with males (39.96%) in both the study groups (p < 0.0001). Hypovitaminosis D was correlated with glycemic control and prevalence of microvascular complications. Conclusion:Vitamin D is correlated with glycemic status and sex difference and has a role in pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications.