The study is conducted to evaluate the attitudes of the students of University of Gujrat towards ESL about emotional, behavioral and cognitive factors. It is also investigated what attitudes students show towards ESL regarding their gender. There were 158 (95 females and 63 males) students from three different departments including Fine Arts, Design, and Architecture. The questionnaire is used as an instrument that contains 30 items to meet our goal. Findings reveal that the students of the University of Gujrat have a negative attitude to learn English as a second language. Moreover, gender has no such effect on attitude because there is no significant difference between male and female attitude towards ESL.

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Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has been associated with different types of infections and the most important aspect is the emergence of MDR strains particularly in hospitalized children. They have the proficiency to cause bacteremia, septicemia and urinary tract infections (UTI). The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of MDR K. pneumoniae causing UTI in children. One thousand and fifteen (1015) urine samples were collected aseptically. Specimens were cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2011 guidelines. Of the 1015 urine specimens, 230 (22.6%) were positive for bacterial growth. Out of these positive cultures predominantly Gram-negative rods (90%) were isolated and major pathogens were K. pneumoniae (40%) and Escherichia coli (33%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of K. pneumoniae showed that more than 70% of these pathogens were resistant to cephalosporins, 69% to ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 63% to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid while most effective drugs were pipracillin-tazobactam and meropenem. This study concludes that MDR-K. pneumoniae is a great threat particularly in children in our locality.

The establishment of organ symmetry during multicellular development is a fundamental process shared by most living organisms. Here, we investigated how two O-glycosyltransferases of Arabidopsis thaliana, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC) synergistically promote a rare bilateral-to-radial symmetry transition during patterning of the plant reproductive organ, the gynoecium. SPY and SEC modify N-terminal residues of the bHLH transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) in vivo and in vitro by attaching O-fucose and O-linked-beta-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), to promote style development. This post-translational regulation does not impact SPT homo- and hetero-dimerisation events with INDEHISCENT (IND) and HECATE 1 (HEC1), although it enhances the affinity of SPT for the kinase PINOID (PID) gene locus to promote transcriptional repression. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for O-GlcNAc and O-fucose post-translational decorations in controlling style development and offer the first molecular example of a synergistic role for SEC and SPY in plant post-embryonic organ patterning.

Modeling of fluidized beds with special focus on mesoscale structures has become prominent area of research in recent years. These efforts have focused on incorporating the effects of bubbles and clusters on the bed hydrodynamics. To account for the effects of these mesoscale bubbles on hydrodynamics of gas fluidized beds, appropriate subgrid models are required. Energy Minimization Multiscale Modeling (EMMS) is one of the promising approaches available to this end. Present work focuses on development of an EMMS modeling approach where a bubble size distribution has been considered. In this work, bubble based EMMS mixture model developed earlier by same team has been modified. To consider the distribution, user defined values of minimum (d b,min) and maximum diameter (d b,max) are specified. As a first test case, a uniform bubble size distribution was followed. Due to the distribution, drag force was considered to comprise of contribution from each size group. The mathematical form of the objective function describing the energy for suspension and transport has not been altered. The heterogeneity index (H d) from this new drag modification is used for simulation of turbulent fluidized beds with particles from Group A and B. It is shown in present work that this current EMMS model is capable of capturing major hydrodynamic features of fluidized beds.