Background subacromial-subdeltoid chronic bursitis is one of the main causes of shoulder pain syndrome. There are various causes of shoulder pain syndrome including chronic bursitis. The sonographic appearances of chronic bursitis vary from patient to patient, depending upon the underlying cause. However, rice bodies are the rare sonographic presentation among them. Rice bodies can be associated with atypical mycobacterial tenosynovitis, bursitis, mycobacterium tuberculosis and infections, but very rarely occur in the chronic subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis. Its unique sonographic presentation makes it easy to be diagnosed confidently, but it is difficult to be recognized, interpret and distinguish from other pathologies due to its rare occurrence. It is therefore intended to present this rare and interesting sonographic presentation of chronic subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis as a case report. Case-presentation A 36-year-old male suffering from swelling and pain on his left shoulder for 6 months came to the clinic with Grade-3 impingement syndrome. Free-floating echogenic rice bodies were identified in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa during ultrasound examination, which was also confirmed with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serological tests of the specimen after surgery. Conclusion The unique sonographic presentation of rice bodies in the chronic subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis makes it easy to be diagnosed confidently, but it is difficult to be recognized, due to its rare occurrence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13089-019-0130-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in patients of primary and secondary health care settings. Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Wikipedia and NCBI were searched in October 2017 for all original studies and review articles to identify the relevant material. Two reviewers independently selected articles for evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in different diseases based on titles and abstracts retrieved by the literature search. The accuracy of sonoelastography in different diseases was used as the index text, while B-mode sonography, micro pure imaging, surgery and histological findings were used as reference texts. Superficial lymph nodes, neck nodules, malignancy in thyroid nodules, benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes, thyroid nodules, prostate carcinoma, benign and malignant breast abnormalities, liver diseases, parotid and salivary gland masses, pancreatic masses, musculoskeletal diseases and renal disorders were target conditions. The data extracted by the two reviewers concerning selected study characteristics and results were presented in tables and figures. In total, 46 studies were found for breast masses, lymph nodes, prostate carcinoma, liver diseases, salivary and parotid gland diseases, pancreatic masses, musculoskeletal diseases and renal diseases, and the overall sensitivity of sonoelastography in diagnosing all these diseases was 83.14% while specificity was 81.41%. This literature review demonstrates that sonoelastography is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing different disorders of the body.

Introduction Preeclampsia is a medical condition characterized by hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy, with the symptoms generally manifesting in the 3 rd trimester. Hypertension brings hemodynamic changes; it is therefore expected that arterial blood flow velocity waveforms will be different in the uterine and ophthalmic arteries in preeclampsia. Vascular changes do occur in preeclampsia, which in turn induces hemodynamic changes. Aim To compare mean values of the resistive index of the ophthalmic and uterine arteries in patients with preeclampsia and normotensive individuals in Doppler US. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, ultrasound of the uterine and ophthalmic arteries was performed in 60 pregnant women in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimester of pregnancy to compare the resistive index of these arteries in preeclamptic and normotensive individuals. All the patients, i.e. 30 preeclamptic and 30 normotensive pregnant women, took part in this study voluntarily. The study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of the University of Lahore. Results The mean resistive index of the uterine artery was 0.50 ± 0.08 in normotensive participants and 0.64 ± 0.09 in preeclamptic women, with the p -value <0.001. The mean resistive index of the ophthalmic artery was 0.70 ± 0.05 in normotensive participants and 0.63 ± 0.04 in preeclamptic women, with the p -value <0.001. Conclusions There was a significant negative correlation between the resistive index of the uterine and ophthalmic arteries among the patients with preeclampsia and a significant positive correlation among normotensive individuals. Preeclampsia could be easily diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound based on hemodynamic changes in response to vascular changes in the ophthalmic and uterine arteries.

Objective To ascertain that acrania can lead to anencephaly Materials and methods We commenced a cross-sectional study for a period of 41 months from 2013 to 2017. During routine ultrasound examination, we observed multiple cases of acrania in second trimester and third trimester. We followed 26 cases who failed to terminate their pregnancies and visited for reexamination. Changes in the brain matter, amniotic fluid volume, and echogenicity of the acrania fetuses were recorded and compared with the previous examination. Development of anencephaly was correlated with maternal age and advancement of gestational age. All the patients were examined transabdominally according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) guidelines for obstetrical ultrasound. Data were collected from the previous report and recent examination, by evaluating data with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 package, and the results were summarized. Results Pregnant women with diagnosed acrania fetus visited second time with a lapse of more than 4 weeks and were enrolled with mean age 25.73 ± 8.80. We observed 4 (15.4%) acrania patients developed into anencephaly. Development of anencephaly was observed to be correlated with the advancement of gestational age. It was observed that acrania is more common in below 20 and above 30 age groups. Haziness of amniotic fluid is also observed to be related with acrania. Conclusion Anencephaly could be caused by multiple factors but acrania can lead to anencephaly with continuous exposure of brain matter and meninges to mechanical trauma and chemical activities of the amniotic fluid. Clinical significance To test the hypothesis of acrania to anencephaly and make a roadmap for upcoming researches on association of acrania with physical, environmental, and genetical factors. How to cite this article Bacha R, Gilani SA, Manzoor I. Sonographic Transformation of Acrania to Anencephaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):189-196.

Objective: To determine the correlation between portal vein diameter and spleen size (craniocaudal). Methodology: The study was conducted at the University Ultrasound Clinic, The University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan from 1 st January to 1 st July 2013. All the individuals who referred for abdominal sonographic examination, including male, female, older and younger were conveniently included in the study, voluntarily, irrespective of the disease state. Ultrasonographic measurements of the caudocranial length of the spleen and portal vein were carried out on all of the one thousand subjects. The subject position for spleen was supine or right posterior oblique during suspended inspiration and right anterior oblique position for portal vein diameter with quiet respiration. The correlation between the splenic length and portal vein diameter was evaluated. Result: A total of 1000 subjects; 36.9% females and 63.1% males aged from 4 to 79 years. The mean splenic length was 10.29 ± 1.89 cm. The mean portal vein diameter was 10.27 ± 1.78 mm. A statistically significant correlation was found between the spleen size and portal vein diameter; the Pearson correlation was significant at the 0.01 level. Conclusion: Portal vein diameter is directly correlated to splenic caudocranial length. A regression formula was developed to measure the splenic length from the calculation of portal vein diameter.