The last two decades have been the witness of many studies reporting the disparity between EFL teachers� beliefs and practices in technology integration around the world. Notwithstanding the enormous studies on EFL teachers� beliefs and perceptions of digital technology use for language classroom, the literature has still been silent on the relation between Indonesian EFL teachers� beliefs and practices. The present study thus sheds some light on 15 EFL teachers� beliefs and practices about digital learning of English in Indonesia. Drawing on data from the written reflections and semi-structured interviews, the findings revealed that these EFL teachers were well equipped with the importance and objective of teaching English by means of digital devices, but appeared hesitant and lacked of preparation in their teaching practices. The semi-structured interview further depicted that their unconfident and lack of preparation was not only a result of inadequate training but also of limited resources and digital facilitation. The institutional supports influenced by environmental readiness also affected their efficacy for digital learning of English. The findings contribute to the realm of English language teaching with regards to offering literature of EFL teachers� professional development.

The use of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) especially the Internet has been a common practice in education. However, research studies show that the Internet has not been frequently used in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) writing, especially in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to find out whether or not Indonesian EFL teachers are familiar with the Internet-based techniques for the teaching of writing. In addition, it investigated their opinions on the Internet-based techniques of teaching of writing. This study involved 17 EFL teachers from various parts of the country who were asked about their experiences and opinions dealing with the Internet-based teaching of writing. The results of the study showed that almost half of the teachers admitted that they have used Internet facilities for the teaching of writing. The other EFL teachers either have indirect involvement with the teaching of writing using Internet application or have never used Internet applications at all. However, these teachers had intention to teach writing by applying Internet-based techniques for their future practices. The study also showed that Indonesian EFL teachers valued the Internet-based teaching of writing as this practice benefits the students in terms of their writing quality and quantity, autonomy, flexibility, as well as confidence. This implies that with the development of advanced ICT, there is a hope that students' learning of writing could be improved well.

The uptake of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was indispensable. Classroom activity, including English language learning, was shifted into remote learning. However, remote learning has not escaped the question regarding its role in students' knowledge construction in language learning. Thus, this study explores whether the social construction of knowledge occurs in the same-time synchronous text-based discussion during students' English language learning. It also investigates the phasesin which the social construction of knowledge present. Content analysis of the Interaction Analysis Model was used as the method to classify twenty-three Indonesian English as foreign language students' discourses in the synchronous text-based discussion. The transcripts from two threads in Google Classroom were sorted into the Interaction Analysis Model Phases to find out the percentage of each Phase's occurrence. Results indicate that the discourses showed the social construction of knowledge was developed by students and thereby pointed out the process of their cognitive thinking during their synchronous English language learning. This study suggests that the social construction of knowledge exists in synchronous text-based discussion with the most frequent postings categorized in Phase I.

This study sought to examine the educational affordance and constraints of smartphone-based assistive technology in language learning from the students’ point of view along with their recommendations on the possible future advancement of smartphone-based assistive technology to help students engage better. This study employed content analysis in analyzing the data obtained from open-ended questions administered to students. The findings of this study denote the use of smartphones in widening vocabulary range, providing practices for English exercise, having attractive and interactive features, and fostering autonomy, self-regulation, and independence learning due to its practicality, portability, accessibility, and flexibility. This study highlights technical problems and confusion as the obstacles emerging from the use of smartphones in language learning. Meanwhile, the recommendations for future smartphone-based application updates are discussed in detail. All in all, smartphone-based assistive language learning application is fruitful for students and is recommended to be used for vocational higher education students as the part of informal learning during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. HIGHLIGHTS: Language learning has stepped forward to more personal learning tools by integrating smartphones as an aid for mobile learning. smartphones are fruitful in widening vocabulary range, providing practices for English exercise, having attractive and interactive features, and fostering autonomy, self-regulation, and independence learning due to its practicality, portability, accessibility, and flexibility. From language learning mobile application, students demanded simpler reading exercises and vocabularies and slower listening practice in the applications.

This research aimed at examining Indonesian EFL students ' proficiency