Informed consent is a reflection of patients' autonomy in health decision-making. The main responsibility lies with the doctor. In practice, the nurses' contributions matter as well. This paper presents a case study that explored physicians' perceptions of the existing informed consent process, their suggestions for improvement and their views on the nurses' roles in this process. A two-phase approach was conducted. First, six physicians with different expertise were interviewed. Second, after attending presentations about informed consent and physician-patient relationship principles, 32 physicians were asked to complete an open-ended questionnaire. Data were analyzed by two independent coders and emerging themes were compared. The results of the questionnaires and the interviews were triangulated. Of 32 physicians attending the presentations, 24 (75%) completed the questionnaire. The results indicate that physicians perceive patients, physicians and the hospital as main factors influencing the process of informed consent. Physicians' misinterpretation of informed consent principles, (mis)perceptions regarding patients and their family, and deficient hospital policy and support challenge the informed consent process. Physicians value nurses' roles, provided nurses have sufficient clinical knowledge, sound comprehension of informed consent principles and effective communication skills.

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Background This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) and Perceived Weight Stigma Scale (PWS) among Malaysian university students. Methods University students who were studying in a Malaysia university with a mean age of 24.0 years (n = 380; females 71.6%) were recruited through convenience sampling between 19 August and 30 September 2021. They completed a Google Form consisting of information on sociodemographic background, weight stigma, psychological distress and self-reported body weight and height. Psychometric testing was conducted using the classical test theory (including confirmatory factor analysis) and Rasch models to confirm the two-factor structure of WSSQ and the unidimensional structure of the PWS using the various fit indices. Concurrent validity of the total scores of WSSQ and PWS with psychological distress and body mass index (BMI) was also investigated. Internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha was conducted. ResultsThe confirmatory factor analyses and Rasch analyses verified the two-factor structure for the WSSQ and the singlefactor structure for the PWS. Both the WSSQ and PWS showed good internal consistency and good concurrent validity as demonstrated by their significant correlations with psychological distress and BMI. ConclusionThe WSSQ and PWS have strong validity and reliability, and they can both be used to assess weight stigma among Malaysian university students. Level of evidence V: Descriptive study.

One of the problems that still exist in Indonesia was e arly marriage. Early marriage was a marriage under years old 18 (UNICEF, 2014). Early marriage can be caused by many factors liked the k nowledge by women who do early age and her p arents. The purpose of this study was to analyze of k nowledge of women on the attitude of e arly marriage in Wonosari, Bondowoso District. This research was a descriptive research using qualitative approach, conducted in Wonosari, Bondowoso District. Researchers use a purposive way to determine the subject to be studied. Based on research results, low k nowledge of e arly marriage in women has a relationship with the low education of p arents, family, environment, mass media, experience about e arly marriage and the impact on health. Based on the results of the study could be concluded that the lower of  knowledge of women have higher attitude of tendency e arly marriage than higher k nowledge.

Introduction: Weight stigma, a psychological-related health issue associated with obesity or weight problems, is one of the major concerns within public health. Indeed, weight stigma may cause health and behavioral problems, such as a lack of motivation to exercise. Assessing weight stigma is thus essential. Both the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) and the Perceived Weight Stigma Scale (PWSS) are valid and reliable instruments that have been used in several countries. However, WSSQ and PWSS have never been used in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and validate both WSSQ and PWSS in Indonesian for Indonesian young adults. Methods: Via an online survey with convenience sampling, Indonesian college students (n = 438) completed the Indonesian WSSQ, PWSS, and depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21), and provided their height and weight. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch analysis, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were used for data analysis. Results: The internal consistency was satisfactory for the WSSQ (α = 0.90 and ω = 0.93). One PWSS item did not fit well and was removed. The revised 9-item PWSS had satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.82 and ω = 0.87). The CFA and Rasch results supported a two-factor structure for the WSSQ, and a one-factor structure for the PWSS. WSSQ and PWSS were significantly and positively correlated (r = 0.32; P < 0.001). Both WSSQ and PWSS were significantly and positively associated with the DASS-21 score (r = 0.18 to r = 0.48; all P < 0.001); WSSQ was significantly and positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.17 to r = 0.50; all P < 0.01). Conclusion: The translated Indonesian versions of WSSQ and PWSS can be used as instruments to assess weight stigma in Indonesian young adults.