The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has proven to be an effective system for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. The main operating mechanism of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) is the growth of attached biomass in biofilm carriers in the bioreactor with mixing provided by diffusers in aerobic bioreactors or mechanical stirrers in anoxic/anaerobic bioreactors. Biofilm formation is a complex process affected by microbial composition and properties. In this study, biofilm formation performance on Kaldnes K1 was investigated in two moving bed biofilm reactors (AnMBBR1 and AnMBBR2) using textile wastewater. Both MBBRs with a 40% fill rate were operated with a 6-hour hydraulic retention time (HRT). AnMBBR1 was operated under anaerobic conditions while AnMBBR2 was operated at different aeration rates (0.001-0.004 m3 air/m3reactor). The highest biomass concentration was observed in AnMBBR2 with a reactor aeration ratio of 0.004 m3air/m3reactor, corresponding to 4062 mg/L. The results showed that limited aeration improved biofilm formation on biofilm carriers rather than anaerobic conditions.
Demir (II, III) oksit (Fe3O4) nanopartiküller, ortamdaki kirletici maddeleri adsorbe ederek hızla uzaklaştırması özelliğinden dolayı atıksu arıtımında kullanılabilen manyetik nanopartikül türlerinden biridir. Demir (II, III) oksit (Fe3O4); yüksek rejenerasyon verimi, geniş yüzey alanı ve manyetik özelliklere sahiptir. Fe3O4 partiküllerinin adsorpsiyon kapasitesi, kullanılan partikülün boyutuna ve kirletici konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterir. Ek olarak, demir oksit maddelerin bu türlerinde, reaksiyon bittikten sonra bir mıknatıs kullanılarak partiküller kolaylıkla ortamdan uzaklaştırılabilir. Daha sonra adsorbe edilen kirleticiler katalizör kullanılarak partikülden ayrıştırılarak partikül tekrar kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, kimyasal olarak sentezlenen Fe3O4 nanopartikül kullanılarak adsorpsiyon yöntemi ile tekstil Atıksularının arıtılması incelenmiştir. Adsorpsiyon performansı, farklı Fe3O4 konsantrasyonlarında (250-750 mg/L) ve temas sürelerinde (5-45 dakika) incelenmiştir. Elde edilen optimum reaksiyon süresi ve adsorban konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 30 dakika ve 250 mg/L olarak bulunmuştur. Optimum şartlar altında toplam organik karbon (TOK), renk ve kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) giderimi sırasıyla %25,94, %51,64 ve %66,68 olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, manyetik nanopartiküller kullanılarak yapılan adsorpsiyon işleminin tekstil atıksularında KOİ ve renk kirleticilerinin uzaklaştırılmasında oldukça etkili olduğunu, ancak TOK miktarında önemli bir değişiklik gözlemlenmediğini göstermiştir. Tekstil atık sularının arıtılmasına yönelik demir oksit nanopartikül uygulaması deşarj standartlarını sağlamasa da çeşitli arıtma proseslerindeki kirlilik yükünü azaltmak için ön arıtm veya ileri arıtım yöntemi olarak kullanılabilir.
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the earth's crust and is usually found in minerals such as rutile, ilmenite, and sphene. Adsorption, photocatalysis, and advanced oxidation processes are used in water and wastewater treatment. Among these processes, photocatalysis has emerged as a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly treatment process for the treatment of wastewater with high pollutant content. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as a photocatalyst and adsorbent. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle material has been applied in various fields, including environmental water and wastewater treatment. In this study, treatment performance was investigated by using TiO2 nanoparticles for the removal of pollutants in domestic wastewater. System performance was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total nitrogen (TN). Different adsorbent concentrations (50-200 mg/L) and reaction times (15-90 min) were investigated at pH 7.2 to determine optimum conditions. Optimum adsorption concentration and reaction time were found to be 50 mg TiO2/L and 60 minutes, respectively. COD, DOC, and TN removal efficiencies were observed as 80%, 30%, and 35%, respectively. The obtained results showed that the removal efficiency of COD and DOC from domestic wastewater of TiO2 nanoparticles is high.
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