Screening for and treating asymptomatic bacteriuria are common in KTRs despite uncertainties around the benefits and harms. In an era of antimicrobial resistance, further studies are needed to address the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in these patients.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction. Monitoring of graft function by creatinine concentrations in serum and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is recommended after kidney transplantation. KDIGO recommendations on the treatment of transplant patients advocate usage of one of the existing mathematical equations based on serum creatinine. We compared clinical application of three equations based on serum creatinine in monitoring the function of transplanted kidney. Methods. A total number of 55 adult patients who received their first renal allograft from living donors at our transplant center in between 2011-2014 were included into the study. Renal allograft GFR was estimated by the Cockroft-Gault, Nankivell and MDRD formula, and correlated with clinical parameters of donors and recipients. Results. The mean age of recipients was 35.7±9.5 (range 16-58), and the mean age of donors was 55.5±9.0 (34-77) years. Out of this group of 55 transplant patients, 50(90.91%) were on hemodialysis (HD) prior to transplantation. HD treatment was shorter than 24 months in 37(74%) transplant patients. The calculated GFR with MDRD equation showed the highest mean value at 6 and 12 months (68.46±21.5; 68.39±24.6, respectively) and the lowest at 48 months (42.79±12.9). According to the Cockroft&Gault equation GFR was the highest at 12 months (88.91±24.9) and the lowest at 48 months (66.53±18.1 ml/min). The highest mean level (80.53±17.7) of the calculated GFR with the Nankivell equation was obtained at 12 months and the lowest (67.81±16.7 ml/min) at 48 months. The values of Pearson's correlation coefficient between the calculated GFR and the MDRD at 2 years after transplantation accor-

Background and Aims Hemodialysis (HD) is the most widely used modality of renal replacement therapy. The high-flux dialyzers in standard hemodialysis offer numerous benefits for ESRD patients, such as, increasing the uremic toxins removal and improving patients survival, reduced patients admission and morbidity. A new class of membranes, medium cut-off (MCO) membranes, has been designed to achieve better removal capacities for middle and large middle molecules, as well as to ensure the retention of albumin in hemodialysis (HD) treatments. We evaluated the removal efficacy of Theranova® in standard HD in comparison with standard high- flux HD. Method Four stable HD patients (M/F 1/4) were included in 12-weeks small observational pilot study in HD with Theranova® 400 (sup. 1.7 m2) and Theranova® 500 (sup. 2.0 m2) dialyzers. Each patient was assessed four times, T0 with standard high flux dialyzers, T1 at 1 month, T2 at second month and T3 at third month, by measuring pre and post-HD samples of: urea, creatinine, beta2-microglobilin (B2M), myoglobin, albumin and FLC-k, FLC-λ . Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The removal rates of uremic toxins are expressed as percentages. Results The average removal rates for the uremic toxins with standard high-flux membranes were 18.4% for B2M, 14.3% for Myoglobin, 19.8 % for FLC-k and 17.4 % for FLC-λ. The data showed a higher average removal rate for all the uremic toxins with Theranova® dialyzers for B2M, Myoglobin, FLC-k and FLC-λ (62.7%, 56.9%, 63.5%, 54.6%, respectively) during the 3 months of follow up. The using of Theranova® dialyzers in standard HD was enough to significantly decrease the pre-dialysis value of Urea (17.72 ± 2.26 vs 13.75 ± 3.75, p=0.001), Creatinine (700.50 ± 315.07 vs 570.00 ± 206.64, p=0.021), B2M (40.90 ± 11.00 vs 29.00 ± 4.64, p=0.005), FLC-k (267.25 ± 113.28 vs 225.25 ± 100.62, p=0.018), FLC-λ (324.25 ± 116.12 vs 215.23 ± 64.44, p=0.011), Myoglobin ( 199.96 ± 124.41 vs 137.00 ± 83.14, p= 0.049). Finally, albumin retention was observed with Theranova® dialyzers, between T0 and T3 it increased significantly (40.50 ± 4.79 vs 42.25 ± 4.50, p=0.0001). Conclusion Compared to high-flux dialysis membranes, novel medium cut-off (MCO) membranes show greater permeability for larger middle molecules in mid -term report. But the long term analysis and larger number of patients is necessary to evaluate a clinical significance of this innovative therapy.