Malaria still poses a real threat to travellers, particularly in areas with high transmission rates such as sub-Saharan Africa, Papua New Guinea, and the South Pacific islands. Malaria causes an estimated 660,000 deaths each year from 219 million cases of illness. It is a preventable and curable disease. Malaria symptoms appear after a period of seven days or longer, and without treatment, the disease can lead to death. Mosquito bite prevention is the main way to reduce malaria transmission. Chemoprophylaxis recommendations depend on travelers' age, destination, type of travelling, or length of stay. Pregnant women, children, and immunosuppressed travelers are the most susceptible. There are currently no licensed vaccines against malaria. Results about a research vaccine candidate known as RTS,S/AS01 are expected in 2015.

a b s t r a c tThis paper deals with the construction of a discrete mathematical model for addictive buying. Firstly, identifications of consumers buying behavior are performed by using multivariate statistical techniques based on real data bases and sociological approaches. Then the population is divided into appropriate groups according to the level of overbuying and a discrete compartmental model is constructed. The future short term addicted population is computed assuming several future economic scenarios.

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At the present time one of the most 'desirable' behavioral addictions that any person could develop is workaholism, a negative psychological state characterized by working excessively and compulsively. In our society, the successful person is who spends all time working. Moreover, a common pattern of company's management consists of stressing and putting pressure on their employees to achieve the maximum profit. This trend has increased with the economic crisis in Spain and over the world. As a consequence, the terms hard working and workaholism are easily confounded, but their effects on the companies are highly different in terms of productivity. This paper proposes a discrete mathematical model to forecast the development of workaholism in Spain in the next years. A questionnaire is used in order to measure and classify our sample in subpopulations by their level of addiction. Then, different economic scenarios are simulated. Finally, economic and social consequences of this addiction are studied and public health recommendations are suggested.

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la compra compulsiva y el sistema de valores personales para poner a prueba una serie de hipótesis derivadas de dos modelos contrapuestos de adicción: los modelos médico y bio-psicosocial por un lado, y el modelo moral, por otro. Se utilizó una muestra aleatoria de 341 sujetos de la provincia de Vizcaya, que respondieron a la Escala de Compra Compulsiva (Valence, d'Astous y Fortier, 1988) y al Cuestionario de Valores Personales de Schwartz (1992). Los análisis de correlación parcial desvelaron correlaciones significativas positivas entre la compra compulsiva y los valores de poder, estimulación y logro, y correlaciones negativas con los valores de conformidad, seguridad-tradición y universalidad, además de un importante efecto de las variables sexo y edad. La prevalencia de la compra compulsiva en Vizcaya se puede estimar en un 5.27% de la población. Los resultados se ajustan a las hipótesis derivadas del modelo de adicción que se ha denominado moral.