In the current study, we evaluated total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (by using β-carotene bleaching assay), and antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the aerial part of the Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) naturally grown in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The aerial part of the plant had high total phenolic content (56.31 µg/mg DW). The antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the aerial part of R. crispus L., BHA, and BHT were found to be 92.35%, 95.49%, 98.16%, and 96.66%, respectively. Although the antioxidant activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts of R. crispus was lower than that of the BHA and BHT, the difference between these was not statistically significant, p < 0.05. The methanol extract possessed strong antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas corrugate, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia liquefaciens, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia frederiksenii, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Therefore, the aerial part of R. crispus can be used as an effective and safe source of antioxidants and antibacterial agent.

Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Anatolia. II.Anadolu'dan Ichneumonidler (Hymenoptera) II.

SummaryFaunistic data of 24 Ichneumoninae species from Anatolia (Turkey), including Erzurum, Giresun, Rize, Trabzon and Ordu (total 78 specimens) are presented. Of them 8 species -Coelichneumon (Coelichneumon) bilineatus (Gmelin), Coelichneumon (Coelichneumon) desinatorius (Thunberg), Cratichneumon sexarmillatus (Kriechbaumer), Cratichneumon versator (Thunberg), Eupalamus wesmaeli (Thomson), Heterischnus excavatus (Constantineanu), Homotherus varipes (Gravenhorst) and Phaeogenes alternans Wesmael are new records for Turkish fauna. Also, among them one species -Heterischnus schachti at now is Turkish endemic. For each species short zoogeographical characterization is given.

This present contribution is based upon the ichneumonids collected from the northeastern Anatolian part of Turkey in 2014. A total of 57 species belonging to subfamilies Acaenitinae, Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Campopleginae, Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Diplazontinae, Ichneumoninae, Metopiinae, Orthocentrinae, Oxytorinae, Pimplinae, and Tryphoninae have been recorded. Among them, Agrypon clandestinum (Gravenhorst), Lissonota (Lissonota) nitida (Gravenhorst), Campoletis agilis (Holmgren), Diadegma combinatum (Holmgren), Olesicampe cavigena (Thomson), Olesicampe patellana (Thomson), Aptesis assimilis (Gravenhorst), Schreineria populnea (Giraud), Xylophrurus lancifer (Gravenhorst), Diplazon pallicoxa Manukyan, Homotropus pallipes (Gravenhorst), Woldstedtius biguttatus (Gravenhorst), and Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst) are new records for the Turkish fauna. New data on the distribution of 40 known species were added. Additionally, a zoogeographical characterization is given for each of the species.

The effects of a range of stand ages on lucerne were studied over three locations in Erzurum, Turkey. Dry matter yield, weed ratio, plant density and content of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were determined in stands of different ages. Stand age reduced the dry matter yield and increased weed ratio and density. This yield reduction was from 5533 kg ha -1 (in the second year) to 3039 kg ha -1 (in the seventh year). Lucerne plant density was the highest (225.6 plants m -2 ) in the establishment year. It reduced in the subsequent years, while weed densities increased with stand age. Protein, ADF and NDF content in forage were strongly affected by increased stand age. In general, the crude protein content decreased, while ADF andNDF contents increased, with aging. The results of this study showed that lucerne persisted well for 6 years and produced high yields with low weed content under irrigated conditions in Erzurum.