Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implies significant quantities of secondary and waste products such as perforated silk cocoons, Bombyx mori chrysalides, bedding left-over larval dejections and mulberry plant waste, superseded cocoons, surplus mulberry leaf, root and wood biomass, mulberry fruits, mulberry root biomass etc. Therefore, sericulture to produce only silk fabric can now be transformed into the functional industry by applying appropriate methods in processing the secondary and waste products from sericulture, which can double or even triple the farmers’ income dramatically as obtained from the main activity of silk cocoon production. Thus, in order to ensure a profitable sericulture activity, it is necessary to process these secondary and waste products generated from different sericulture activities to obtain biologically active substances with important uses in: pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper and cellulose, and organic agricultural food industries. Realizing the scope of utilizing by-products generated from different sericulture activities, in-depth research towards utility optimization is the prime need in placing the sericulture industry on a sound footing. The review is intended to focus on recent advances in comprehensive utilization, diversification and value addition of sericulture resources in broadening the sustainability of sericulture industry.

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Finding holes from the underutilized portion of spectrum at various times and locations is the most important function in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). This requires efficient sensing policy at the MAC layer that can discover more idle channels in less time. Whereas, the sensing policy depends on the channel sensing order that decides how a secondary user senses the primary user band in minimum period of time. Spectrum sensing policies for searching idle channels from the underutilized primary band can significantly affect the performance of secondary user in terms of throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency. In this paper, we have analyzed MAC protocol structure for ad hoc radio networks which used random channel sensing. This results in poor performance, either due to the channels being skipped or the time for sensing the band being significantly longer. We propose a parallel sensing scheme with sequential channel selection order as part of MAC protocol, which can discover all the free channels in the primary user band in less time. For the proposed scheme, we have performed analysis over the number of channels sensed and the number of idle channels discovered. Furthermore, energy efficiency and throughput of the system have also been evaluated. The results show considerable improvement for the proposed scheme when compared with the contemporary scheme.