Purpose Despite the COVID-19 recession, the collection of zakat (almsgiving) managed by the National Board of Zakat Republic of Indonesia (BAZNAS RI) has increased, especially during Ramaḍān 1441 Hijra. Previous works show a positive relationship between digital zakat campaign and zakat collection. This paper aims to study the means of digital zakat campaign during COVID-19 outbreak. This topic is theoretically and practically important in the emerging debate of Islamic marketing, notably in Islamic social finance field. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a qualitative research approach. A case study is engaged in the selection of BAZNAS RI for a detailed discussion of a zakat organisation. Meanwhile, a netnographic approach is used to analyse the number of 549 posts from BAZNAS RI’s social media, which are Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube. Furthermore, a qualitative software analysis of NVivo 12 Plus is used in performing the analytical procedures. Findings This work explains the means of digital zakat campaign during COVID-19 outbreak with a case of BAZNAS RI. It is identified the number of 6 parent nodes and 64 child nodes from the analysis using NVivo 12 Plus. The authors’ parent nodes are “donation”, “infaq” (Islamic spending for charities), “Ramaḍān matters”, “ṣadaqah” (voluntary charity), “virtual events” and “zakat”. These nodes detail digital campaign of BAZNAS RI posted in its social media during COVID-19 period in Ramaḍān. A theoretical implication of inclusive marketing is derived from the analysis. It explains that the inclusiveness of digital contents is practically significant in campaigning zakat as a religious obligation that contributes to social and financial benefits. Research limitations/implications This paper does not claim a positivist perspective on the relationship between digital zakat campaign and zakat collection. Instead, this paper explores in-depth the practice of digital zakat campaign, which the previous study confirms its association with a muzakki’s (Muslims who are obliged to pay zakat) decision to pay zakat. Practical implications This paper establishes the Islamic marketing theory that is derived from industrial practices. The inclusiveness of digital contents in zakat campaign is critical in activating zakat as a religious obligation that authentically shapes the social and economic processes of a Muslim community. This theory is practically important for 'amils (employees) of zakat institution who work in the marketing division, chiefly to create such contents to post in social media. Social implications The authors’ node of zakat distribution for COVID-19 relief indicates the importance of a formalised zakat institution to actualise zakat’s role in handling socioeconomic problems. Thus, paying zakat formally in an authorised organisation may contribute to a greater social contribution and maṣlaḥah (public interest) than paying it informally without any effective measurement. Originality/value This study contributes to the novelty in the Islamic marketing debate within two folds. First, this paper is among the pioneers in studying digital zakat campaign during COVID-19 outbreak by using a netnographic approach. Therefore, a theoretical implication derived from industrial practices is contributed. Second, this paper details the steps in using NVivo 12 Plus to analyse the unstructured data sampled from the internet. The future studies may thus refer to this work to understand the application of netnography and the procedures in analysing data from social media using this software.

This research attempts to analyze the role of productive-based zakat program in reducing poverty level of mustahik (zakat recipient) households from the perspective of material and spiritual dimensions. The study utilizes primary data which is obtained from interview through questionnaire in DKI Jakarta and Bogor Regency. 221 respondents are selected and interviewed as research samples. They are zakat beneficiaries managed by BAZIS DKI Jakarta and Dompet Dhuafa. The primary data collection was conducted on February until May 2015. CIBEST model comprising four indices is used as tool of analysis. These indices are welfare index, material poverty index, spiritual poverty index and absolute poverty index. It is found that the presence of zakat utilization program is able to increase welfare index of the mustahik by 96.8 percent. The material poverty index and absolute poverty index can also be reduced by 30.15 percent and 91.30 percent, respectively. Unpredictable result occurs on spiritual poverty index in which there is an increase of two households living under spiritual poverty. It means that these two zakat recipient households suffer weakening spiritual values despite materially better-off in the presence of zakat program.Keywords:  CIBEST model, Poverty, Productive-based zakat programJEL Classification: O150, R290, Z120, Z190

One of the major challenges faced by most of the Islamic countries is poverty. This paper attempts to construct the concept of poverty and welfare standards based on Islamic perspective.The study tries to cover both material and spiritual dimensions. These standards are based on CIBEST Quadrant, which is divided into four quadrants: welfare quadrant (I), material poverty quadrant (II), spiritual poverty quadrant (III) and absolute poverty quadrant (IV). Determination of these quadrants is resulted from criteria and indicators of basic material needs and basic spiritual needs. By using household as unit of analysis, this study is able to developCIBEST Model comprising welfare index,  material  poverty  index,  spiritual  poverty  index,  and  absolute  poverty index. Mathematical formula and illustration of the indices are also elaborated to strengthen the concept.DOI:10.15408/aiq.v7i1.1361

The Impact of International Islamic Stock Market and Macroeconomic Variables Towards Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) This research atempts to examine the impact of international Islamic stock market and macroeconomic variables towards Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). By using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) as the method, this research utilizes time series monthly data from January 2007 to October 2012. The finding shows that JII is positively significantly affected by DJIEU, DJIMY and IPI, and it is negatively significantly affected by DJIJP, IMUS, M2 and SBIS.JII reaches its stability condition fastest when dealing with money supply shock. This study recommends: strengthening coordination between monetary authority and financial services authority, strengthening real sector of the economy, minimizing the influence of interest Rate towards Islamic financial market, and developing early warning system to anticipate financial crises.  DOI:10.15408/aiq.v6i2.1228

Poverty is one of major problems faced by Indonesia. The economic crisis occured within the country and around the world has lengthened the poverty disaster attacking Indonesia. To overcome these problems, zakat is likely to be an alternative solution that can be utilized by government. Zakat is a means legalized by Islam in capital formation. Capital formation is not solely based on utilization and development of natural resources, but also from obligatory contributions of the rich. Zakat is also playing significant role in improving the quality of human resources and the provision of facilities and infrastructure of production. The potential zakat of Indonesia exceeds Rp 217 trillion, but in reality the absorption of zakat funds reached Rp 1.5 trillion in 2010. The huge gap between the potential and the actual collection of zakat indicates that there are some Muslims who are less motivated to pay zakat. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect compliance level of paying zakat, and to identify the dominant factors, in order to more easily create optimal policy. Results from this study are expected to help increase acceptance of zakat, both at central and regional levels. Data is collected through a survey of 100 respondents in Bogor regency. The analytical method used is factor analysis. The program used to analyze the data is SPSS Statistics 17 for Windows. From these results, it is known that factors affecting willingness to pay the zakat are: religious factors, such as faith, religious understanding, and rewards; and other factors such as social awareness, self-satisfaction, and organizations. This also gives guidance that in order to increase zakat revenue, emphasis not only on religious aspect, but also on social, self-satisfaction, and organization aspects is very important. Among the variables that affect compliance level of paying zakat is the role of amil organization (OPZ). OPZ professionalism can strengthen regularity of zakat payer to pay zakat at OPZ. Improving the quality of OPZ in terms of transparency, socialization, and administration, will significantly affect the preferences of zakat payers to fufill their obligation at the amil institutions.