Background: One of the complications of ventilator use in patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Oral hygienes is one of the methods to prevent VAP.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the value of clinical infection score (CPIS) in critically ill patients after given oral hygiene using chlorhexidine and Piper betle Linn mouthwash.Methods: This was an observational study with cross-sectional study design, which consisted of two intervention groups. Thirty respondents were selected using total sampling, with 15 respondents randomly assigned in each group. Independent t-test was used for data analysis.Results: Findings showed that  the mean of CPIS in the Piper betle Linn group was 3.80 and the mean of CPIS in the chlorhexidine group was 4.07.Conclusion: CPIS in the treatment group using Piper betle Linn mouthwash was lower than the mean of CPIS in the treatment group using clorhexidine.

The Covid-19 pandemic that is currently engulfing the world, including Indonesia, has changed the way people live, including education. Several efforts have been made by the government to control the spread of Covid 19 among students, among others, by imposing an online/distance learning process. This study was conducted to explain students' perceptions of online learning, both aspects of the teaching and learning process, aspects of lecturers and infrastructure. The research sample was students majoring in nursing at the Sutomo Surabaya campus for the 2020/2021 academic year, totaling 510 people. Data on student perceptions about online learning was obtained online through Google Form, using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that students' perceptions of online learning were in good category 37.8%, 61.4% sufficient, 0.8% less. The results of the research on student perceptions about online learning from the aspect of the teaching and learning process are in good category 22.35%, 76.87% sufficient, 0.78% less. Students' perceptions of online learning from the lecturer's perspective, good category 58.43%, 41.57% enough. Student perceptions of online learning from the aspect of infrastructure, good category 70.20%, 29.02% enough, 0.78% less. It is recommended to improve the teaching and learning process and the infrastructure as well as the ability of lecturers to improve the quality of online learning in the nursing department of the Sutomo campus Health Poltekkes Surabaya.

The COVID-19 pandemic causes additional struggles for patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in performing self-care. This study explores in-depth the experiences of patients with DM in carrying out self-care during the pandemic of COVID-19. This type of research was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The number of participants in the phenomenological study were patients with DM at the Keputih Surabaya Health Center with ten people. The determination of participants is determined using the purposive sampling technique. The collecting data through in-depth interview techniques online and offline. Data analysis used the Van Manen method. There are five themes related to the self-care behavior of patients with DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in this study, namely: poor diabetic diet, absence of physical activity, impaired monitoring of blood glucose levels, change of medication pattern, and absence of foot care. The self-care behavior of DM patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased. This condition can increase blood glucose levels which can lead to complications. Nurses and family members are required to monitor the implementation of self-care for DM patients during the pandemic. The results of this study can be used as a basis for determining self-care methods with strict health protocols.