La ocurrencia de moluscos en contextos arqueológicos es habitual, debido a la importancia de los mismos para la alimentación, para ámbitos rituales y simbólicos, para la fabricación de instrumentos y como material constructivo. Se sintetizan aquí los datos referentes al manejo diferencial de materiales malacológicos realizado por las poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras prehispánicas que ocuparon las regiones Este, Centro-Sur y Oeste de Uruguay durante el Holoceno tardío, con especial referencia a la identificación taxonómica y a los usos inferidos. Se realizó un relevamiento bibliográfico exhaustivo y de materiales presentes en algunos acervos públicos, sumando información inédita, para profundizar en los modos de uso y procesos de intercambio intercultural regional. Los moluscos se asocian principalmente a los aspectos simbólicos (ornamentales y funerarios) de estas culturas y a actividades económicas vinculadas al consumo alimentario y producción de artefactos utilitarios. Desde el punto de vista contextual se asocian a espacios de actividades mayoritariamente domésticas, así como a otros que conjugan actividades diversas (domésticas, constructivas y/o funerarias) ubicados entre ca. 3300 14C años AP y 500 14C años AP.
Paleoenvironmental reconstructions coupled with archaeological research are useful tools for discriminating natural versus anthropogenic environmental variability and identifying local environmental responses to global changes and consequent human adaptations. Here we present a multidisciplinary study focused on the identification of drivers and mechanisms that shaped environments along the Uruguay coast and how those environments influenced prehistoric settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, and site formation processes at the archaeological sites of Cape Polonio and Castillos Lagoon. We identify a strong linkage between environmental dynamics and the timing, spatial allocation, and subsistence strategies of prehistoric inhabitants. Human occupation took place in very specific landscape settings where contemporaneous settlements were identified in persistent eolian landscape features. An opportunistic exploitation of more dynamic locations was also identified, where sea‐level shifts created land surfaces preferred by humans. The results of our study represent a useful tool not only for identifying archaeological sites in similar contexts but also for providing insights into how modern coastal populations might adapt to changing environments associated with rising sea level.
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