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The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the issues of improving the energy efficiency of the petrochemical industry are constantly developing and require the development of new methodological solutions and management tools. The solution of the identified tasks will allow to reveal new directions of improvement of stability of the petrochemical complex and increase of its competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between energy efficiency indicators and industrial production indicators, as well as to cluster regions in which the oil production and oil refining industry is present in order to systematize the factors of their development. The article analyses energy efficiency and energy saving systems on the example of enterprises-representatives of the petrochemical complex; the relationship between the industrial production index and energy saving indicators in the petrochemical industry has been identified; regional petrochemical complexes were clustered based on their energy intensity. The materials of the article can be used in the development of energy efficiency strategies and programs in petrochemical enterprises, which will increase their economic and production efficiency, as well as competitiveness in the context of transformation of the entire macroeconomic system to achieve its sustainability.

The purpose of the article The purpose of the study is to determine the features of factors’ development and systematization affecting the degree of innovation activity and efficiency of projects in the Russian regions. Materials and methods: The main research methods used in the article are the method of description, which allowed determining of the level and trends of Russian regions’ innovative development; the method of cluster analysis for regions’ classification by innovative activity’s parameters in order to identify the characteristics and determine the directions of the target differentiated approach to the development of innovation. Results of the research: The article presents the analysis of innovative development dynamics of the Russian regions’ industrial sector; the tendencies of scientific and innovative activity’s financing in the Federal districts; the regions’ classification by the parameters of innovative activity in order to identify the characteristics of innovations’ development and commercialization. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of differentiated approach problems to innovative development management in Russian regions is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

The authors consider the main trends in the dynamics and structure of education funding in the leading Western countries within the concept of cost sharing. The authors analyze the ratio of private and public expenditures on education, students' expenses for tuition, and the main forms of state support for students and their families. There has been conducted the analysis of demand for private education loans among the students and households. The paper compares the dynamics of funding and the number of students, which makes it possible to determine positive and negative trends in the development of higher education. The analysis has shown that in the period under review the differentiation of higher education systems into two groups (with growing and declining state funding) has increased. The analysis has also shown that the system of higher education financing in developed countries differs significantly. At present, investment in education is seen as the most important factor in increasing competitiveness, which leads to more sustainable economic growth.

The economy is in a state of transformation into a new system, and it is quite realistic that economic entities will be under the influence of certain risky moments. The process of risk analysis and management should be considered by an enterprise as an integral part of enterprise management in extreme conditions of the economic development trajectory and be a guarantor of financial insurance. The goal of this study is the formation of a process approach in enterprise management—the creation of a universal risk management system based on the proposed risk management model to minimize the financial risks of an enterprise. We propose a risk management system that influences the forecasting of financial stability of an enterprise. To form the risk management system, we propose a model of an organisational system, the structural elements of which correspond to the principles of completeness, information capacity and consistency. We identified the diversity of direct and inverse relationships between factorial and productive characteristics, which indicates the complexity of the organisational system management process. The presence of “bottlenecks” in the implementation of expert systems tools was also noted. This was expressed in the difficulty of acquiring the knowledge necessary for the development of meaningful systems and structuring the knowledge gained in a form that is convenient for use. We used the method of qualitative modelling using the apparatus of weighted directed graphs. The study allowed us to formulate a list of factors that characterize the main activities of an enterprise in order to form a mathematical model of enterprise risk management. The developed predictive model is used to simulate extreme events and risks in the process of enterprise development, as one of the foundations of the enterprise management system in the conditions of economic transformation.