The purpose of the research is to evaluate the influence of weather factors in 2016-2021 on the yield and quality of grain of 18 varieties and 28 lines of spring soft wheat of competitive variety trial in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga (Penza region). To characterize the meteorological conditions, the average daily air temperatures, precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) were taken. In the analysis of grain quality, the content of protein and gluten in the grain, as well as flour strength, quality indexes of the variety and farinograms of the dough were used. The result of the research stated the negative correlation between the yield and air temperature in June r = -0.518±0.128 («booting» phase), in August it was slightly weaker r = -0.342±0.141. Correlations of the yield with precipitation and HTC were positive. The average significant correlation of the yield was formed with precipitation and HTC in June: r = 0.509±0.130 and r = 0.552±0.126, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between the yield and protein and gluten content in the grain: r = -0.758±0.098 and r = -0.782±0.094. The content of protein and gluten in the grain were almost functionally dependent on each other – r = 0.945±0.055. A high positive correlation has developed between the content of protein and gluten in the grain with the average daily air temperature in the second half of the growing season in July r = 0.845±0.081 and 0.902±0.065, in August: r = 0.858±0.080 and 0.898±0.075, respectively. Positive weak correlation was found between the yield and flour strength, variety quality indices and dough farinograms (r = 0.354±0.148, 0.402±0.138 and 0.423±0,136), respectively. Precipitation and a high rate of HTC in the second half of the growing season reduced the quality indices of the variety and farinograms of the dough, the strength of the flour. This dependence was characterized by a weak negative relationship: from r = -0.310±0.144 to r = -0.458±0.134. Thus, the formation of yield and quality indicators of grain of spring soft wheat is influenced by the temperature regime and the amount of precipitation in all phases of growth and development of plants.

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Пензенский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства КРИВОБОЧЕК Виталий Григорьевич, Пензенский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Представлены результаты изучения 180 коллекционных образцов мягкой яровой пшеницы различного эколого-географического происхождения по показателям качества зерна. Показана изменчивость качества зерна в зависимости от сорта и условий выращивания. Наибольшей изменчивостью по годам отличался показатель содержание клейковины в зерне (С v = 4,2-20,5 %), наименьшей-натура зерна (С v = 0,3-4,9 %). Наибольшая изменчивость величины генотипических коэффициентов вариации отмечена у стекловидности и качества клейковины в зерне(С v = 11,9-14,1%,С v = 14,2-18,3 %), наименьшая-у натуры зерна (С v = 3,9-6,4 %). Выявлены ценные источники для создания нового селекционного материала мягкой яровой пшеницы. Наиболее ценным исходным материалом для селекции являются Новосибирс

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The article presents an analysis of genotypic correlations between the yield of 33 variety samples of spring soft wheat and elements of its structure in the conditions of Penza region, the degree of variability of agronomic valuable traits during the years of research (2018-2020) has been determined. It has been established, that the low-varying agronomic valuable traits (CV = 7.8-9.9 %) include the wheat ear length, number of spikelets in the ear, weight of 1000 grains; moderately varying traits (СV = 13.8-15.6 %) include productive bushiness capacity, the number of grains in the ear and weight of grains in one ear; highly-varying traits (СV = 21.7-22.7 %) include the number of grains per ear and weight of the grain per ear. A strong positive interrelation has been established between the yield of spring soft wheat and the number of grains per ear (r = 0.706...0.816) and weight of grain per ear (r = 0.754...0.875). There has been revealed an average positive interrelation between the yield and the weight of ears (r = 0.467...0.621), the number of spikelets per ear (r = 0.358...0.582), the number of grains per plant (r = 0.446...0.541) and the weight of grain per plant (r = 0.309...0.608). The correlation dependence of yield on productive bushiness (r = 0.091…0.415), ear length (r = 0.074…0.503) and weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.193…0.583) turned out to be unstable. Thus, the formation of grain yield was influenced by the number of grains per ear and the weight of grain per ear. The analysis showed the degree of influence of various elements of productivity on the formation of yield of spring soft wheat variety samples that provides a more targeted selection in the breeding process.