Statistical comparison as a test of hypotheses about the coincidence of distribution parameters is considered. This allows defining whether the discrepancy in estimations of the distribution parameters of safety indicators is significant or can be justified by inessential changes in the conditions of the experiment-random drifts. Each adverse event is assigned a weight that reflects the probability that it can result in an adverse outcome in a particular flight. Risk (hazard) assessment is represented as a product of the mean value of weight n0 of adverse event Kn and frequency of occurrence Fn of events during the period of time analysed.

The article analyses the practice of giving training sessions of future teachers on the basis of digital technologies, the importance and effectiveness of which have increased significantly in the period of digitalisation of society. The main purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of training students in higher education programmes for teaching activities on the basis of the potential of their self-independent work. The authors justify the need to use digital technologies in the educational process, contributing to a deeper immersion of post-graduates in the features of teaching activities using the creative potential of students, an independent active search. The article analyses various types of digital technologies, including students’ self-independent work with interactive learning material, written assignments aimed at developing practical skills. Methods. A special emphasis in the article is made on the use of simulators for acquiring skills in conducting various types of classes. In analysing the existing practice of conducting training sessions with postgraduates, theoretical (analysis of pedagogical literature, comparative analysis) and empirical (conversations, observations, evaluation and self-assessment of post-graduates and teachers) methods were used. Conclusion. The conclusion states that in the context of digitalisation of society, quality training of future teachers will require revision of available technologies, types of training sessions organisation based on active involvement of post-graduates in the process of organisation and conducting training sessions with the use of digital technologies.

Increasing psychological resistance to manipulative influence and preventing the involvement of minors in illegal activities with the help of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are important tasks of the State. The article analyzes some psychological mechanisms that contribute to manipulation on the Internet, including the effects of normative influence, conformity, perceived interpersonal similarity, cascades of available information, emotional contagion, hemophilicity, false memories, and multiple sources. The authors analyze the main strategies for promoting false and misleading information: artificial polarization, managing false accounts on behalf of public opinion leaders, creating emotional messages, using conspiracy theories, trolling aimed at provoking harassment of users on the network, defaming and delegitimizing opponents. Attention is also drawn to ways to counteract destructive information and psychological impact, which include not only ways to improve the legislative apparatus and the use of software and technical solutions, but also to increase the level of psychological stability of citizens, conducting preventive and preventive measures aimed at forming ideas about information threats, their types, methods of identification and protection, group norms and values. The author points out the need to develop and implement special psychological trainings and games created in the form of computer programs, mobile applications and online simulators in the socio-cultural and educational environment.

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