Height from soil at the base of plant to the first pod (HFP) is an important trait for mechanical harvesting of legume crops. To minimise the loss of pods, the HFP must be higher than that of the blades of most combine harvesters. Here, we review the genetic control, morphology, and variability of HFP in legumes and attempt to unravel the diverse terminology for this trait in the literature. HFP is directly related to node number and internode length but through different mechanisms. The phenotypic diversity and heritability of HFP and their correlations with plant height are very high among studied legumes. Only a few publications describe a QTL analysis where candidate genes for HFP with confirmed gene expression have been mapped. They include major QTLs with eight candidate genes for HFP, which are involved in auxin transport and signal transduction in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as well as MADS box gene SOC1 in Medicago trancatula, and BEBT or WD40 genes located nearby in the mapped QTL in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). There is no information available about simple and efficient markers associated with HFP, which can be used for marker-assisted selection for this trait in practical breeding, which is still required in the nearest future. To our best knowledge, this is the first review to focus on this significant challenge in legume-based cropping systems. KEYWORDS auxin transport and signal transduction genes, BEBT or WD40 genes, candidate genes, gene expression, height to the first pod, MADS box gene SOC1, QTL analysis Frontiers in Plant Science 01 frontiersin.org Kuzbakova et al. 10.3389/fpls.2022.948099 In contrast, as shown in the bottom part of Table 1, many reports in the literature use the same or similar terms for 'pods, ' where FPH (first pod height) is clearly the most commonly used, while the terms for 'bottom, ' 'lowest, ' and 'basal' pods are synonymous. Interestingly, terms referring to 'pod insertion' were used by almost all researchers from Brazil (with one Frontiers in Plant Science 03 frontiersin.org

Анализ метеорологических показателей региона свидетельствуют о частых проявлениях засухи. В связи с чем  возникает необходимость с возделыванием засухоустойчивых культур, одной из которых является нут. В настоящее время нут относится к ценной экспортной культуре. На рынке семенного материала особым спросом пользуются крупносемянные сорта нута. Востребованность в семенах нута вызывает необходимость в новых адаптированных к стрессовым факторам среды, с высоким прикреплением нижнего боба, высокоурожайных сортах. Для этого в селекционном процессе необходимо использовать исходный материал различного эколого-географического происхождения. В настоящее время, в государственном реестре Республики Казахстан находятся 12 сортов нута, районированных в различных регионах страны. Всего лишь 3 сорта районированы в Акмолинской области. Перед селекционерами стоит задача в разработке и создании новых конкурентоспособных сортов, введение которых в производство позволит снизить дефицит высокобелковых кормов. Цель настоящего исследования состояла в изучении коллекционных сортобразцов для отбора наиболее ценных генотипов для создания сортов, адаптированных к условиям Северного Казахстана. Основным методом при создании исходного материала является внутривидовая гибридизация. Родительские пары подбирают из генотипов разного эколого-географического происхождения, с высокими показателями хозяйственно ценных признаков. В данной работе приведены результаты изучения коллекции нута с помощью фенотипического и молекулярного скрининга. Выделены источники с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков.

Peas are affected by weather conditions. The effects of adverse factors do not affect the formation of the crop for the better. Under the influence of drought and high temperatures, there was an inhibition of growth processes, namely, the construction of the leaf apparatus, which, in turn, led to a sharp decline in seed productivity. It is crucial to have varieties (lines) with a more stable and shorter period from sprouting to maturity, taking into account the sharply changing heat and moisture supply in the Akmola region, making it possible to harvest the crop earlier. The authors obtained the relationship between yield and abiotic factors and morphobiological characteristics of peas in the conditions of the Akmola region for 2020. In their research, the authors found that weather conditions influenced the duration of the growing season 2020 and the grain yield of field peas. The ever-increasing season for pea lines was within 83-91 days. The peculiarities of the lines used, temperature regime and precipitation of the third decade of June influenced the duration of two periods (sprouting-flowering and flowering-ripening). Yields of pea lines in the nursery of competitive variety trials ranged from 2.80 (line 93-04-2) to 18.53 c/ha (line 6-08-7). As a result of their research, the authors found a positive average correlation between plant height and the number of beans (r = 0.33). The average plant height per sample was 62 cm. The average number of beans per plant in the nursery was 5.9, and the average number of seeds was 20.0. The research results can be successfully used in the cultivation of domestic and foreign varieties of field peas. In international practice, the results of this experiment can be applied in the selective improvement of field peas and the creation of new high-tech varieties.

Abstract. Aipova R, Abdykadyrova A, Silayev D, Tazabekova E, Oshergina I, Ten E, Kurmanbaye A. 2020. The fabrication of the complex bio-fertilizer for wheat cultivation based on collection bacteria of the PGPR group. Biodiversitas 21: 5021-5028. The development of new types of biological products based on microbial complexes from local bacterial strains is a great theoretical and practical interest for agriculture. It can provide an opportunity for better preservation of the natural properties of the wheat products under extreme conditions. The aim of this study was to obtain and test a biological product to increase wheat productivity in northern Kazakhstan. Our data indicate the potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) group bacteria for the development of biofertilizers and biopesticides. For instance, the bacteria B. mojavensis showed effectiveness in the experiments with the wheat (Astana-2 type). We observed an increase in wheat yield by 15% under conditions of artificial infection of crops with snow mold (by 2.5fold compared with the control). The results demonstrated that the B. mojavensis Lhv 97 strain can be used as an ingredient of biological products due to its activity against plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.

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