For sowing grain crops on stubble, stubble seeders with tine coulters are used, which perform technological operations in one pass. However, they do not meet the requirements of the agricultural machinery to ensure an even distribution of seeds in the sub-spear space. The subsoil no-drill planting creates the most favorable conditions for growth and development of cultivated crops and at the same time, grain crop yields are increased on average by 10…30%. Using no-drill planting, seeders equipped with spear coulters with spreaders for no-drill subsoil seeding provide the best quality and distribute the seeds evenly over the field. The article proposes the original design of the seed drill coulter for no-drill planting, which provides an even seed distribution over the feeding area. As a result of the theoretical researches the optimal parameters of the diffuser for the grain drill coulter are determined and the dependence between the unevenness on the test parameters of the diffuser and the height of the pendulum spreader, the base diameter are obtained. The purpose of this research is to develop the design and rationale of parameters of the grain drill for subsoil no-drill planting, the use of which will reduce the uneven distribution of grain crops seeds or mineral fertilizer granules.

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Currently, loosening and separating machines that combine the operations of crumbling and separating of soil according to the treated layer depth have come to the forefront. Interaction of the rotor blade of these machines with the soil comprises three stages: soil core formation; steady movement; and dumping of soil from the separating grid. The article determined the direction and magnitude of soil displacement, parameters and shape of the furrow formed after the ripper passage. Based on theoretical research, a mathematical model of the interaction of working bodies with the soil was developed. The initial data were obtained experimentally, and the model was justified. As a result, it was found that the supplied soil layer thickness and the fracture angle of ripper have the greatest influence on the transporting capacity of rotor ripper. Reducing the rotor blade entry angle into the soil from 45° to 30° made it possible to raise the second soil feed of the loosening and separating machine by more than 40 times. The width of rotor ripper practically does not affect the transporting capacity. Changing the angle of ripper entry into the soil allowed obtaining of the required transporting capacity of ripping and separating machine without changing the rotor design. Practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of increasing the work productivity without increasing its energy indicators.

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