Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un balance de la aplicación de la biotecnología vegetal en la agricultura ecuatoriana, tomando como caso de estudio el cultivo del arroz. Se describen las técnicas más comúnmente utilizadas en Latinoamérica. Hasta ahora la mayor parte de la investigación en Ecuador ha estado enfocada al cultivo de tejidos (anteras); escasamente se ha trabajado en la caracterización del germoplasma de arroz para evaluar su potencial de producción y su capacidad para resistir a enfermedades y estreses ambientales o para garantizar su conservación a largo plazo. Existe por lo tanto un alto potencial para la aplicación de la biotecnología a partir de los notables avances globales en genética molecular, ingeniería genética y bioinformática, con el fin de desarrollar nuevas variedades ajustadas a situaciones de estrés biótico y abiótico, adecuadas a las necesidades de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático. Asimismo se pueden producir mejoras sustanciales como la biofortificación del cultivo, mayor calidad del grano y productos finales con valor agregado. Continúa vigente la necesidad de fortalecimiento de los marcos regulatorios relativos al uso de la biotecnología, tanto en aspectos de seguridad ambiental y la salud humana, como en materia de derechos de propiedad y condiciones de acceso.
The arrival of COVID-19 meant a drastic change in the way of teaching and research. This paper explores the effect that the measures taken to contain the COVID-19 spreads have had on the research activities of teachers about variables such as area of knowledge, educational level, and role in projects or gender. To this end, an online survey was designed to collect data, requesting information about time lost in research, the number of papers proposed for publication in scientific journals, difficulties in managing research projects, guarantees in project funding or the capacity to reformulate research activities. Two hundred seventy-one teachers and researchers were asked to participate. Among the main results, most respondents agree on the difficulties in managing their projects; they have been forced to reformulate their research, although they claim that the time lost in research has been limited. The results will help to make decisions on the measures to be taken to alleviate the low performance of research by teacher-researchers during this period and to prepare contingency plans to reduce the impact.
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