No abstract
A geodiversidade é uma área de estudo relativamente nova nas geociências. No Brasil a distribuição geográfica do conhecimento sobre o patrimônio natural é maior nas regiões nordeste, sudeste e sul. Esses locais possuem significativos avanços em termos de estudos, ações integradas com a comunidade e poder público e proposições de geoparques. A realidade desse background é diferente nos estados da Amazônia Legal. Esta é composta por nove estados localizados na região norte, em totalidade, um estado da região nordeste e um da região centro-oeste. Dada essa diferença de conhecimento gerado no país, o objetivo desse artigo foi fazer uma revisão dos trabalhos existentes na Amazônia Legal. Para realizar o estado da arte dos estudos sobre geodiversidade foi feito um levantamento sistemático digital em bases públicas de acesso. Posteriormente os estudos foram catalogados com base no tema central: geodiversidade, geoconservação, geoturismo, e geoparque. Os sub-temas também foram identificados e analisados por meio de gráficos. No total foram analisados 45 trabalhos publicados, sendo 13 no estado do Pará. A geodiversidade é o tema mais pesquisado com 21 trabalhos, seguido do geoturismo. Apesar do tema de geoconservação e geoparque não terem sido muito explorados na literatura existente, na região da Amazônia legal há a proposta de criação de três geoparques pelo Serviço Geológico do Brasil-CPRM, com inventário. A potencialidade da geodiversidade no território da Amazônia legal é ampla, porém ainda incipiente no contexto deste conceito para a valorização do desenvolvimento sustentável via instrumentos de geoconservação e uso para gestão territorial. Há também ausências de parceiras institucionais e práticas incipientes de geoeducação e geoturismo.
An analysis was conducted of the change in the shoreline in the northern part of Pará (Amazonian coast, Brazil) over a medium-term period. The analysis of the variation of the shoreline was carried out by tracing the spring high tide level in LANDSAT images from 1988 to 2019. With this tracing, it was possible to verify the behavior of the processes of erosion and accretion in the different morphological units (mangroves, beaches, cliffs, and rocky shores). The results show that changes in the shoreline occurred differently in the four morphological units, both in spatial and temporal scales. Regionally, the northern coast of Pará showed a trend of stability between losses and gains in areas, but with a slight predominance of the accretion process. The mangroves and beaches showed periods of alternation of predominance between the processes, while in the stretches with cliffs, the smallest areas of retreat were detected. The stretches of shoreline with a rocky shore remained stable throughout the study period. The study allowed the identification of local geoindicators for diagnosis and identification of the erosion process in coastal macrotidal regions. These results can assist in the identification of areas at risk of coastal erosion, as well as in coastal management in Pará State and related areas.
The morphostructural and hydrogeological study conducted at Castanhal-PA in two different scales, 1:100,000 and 1:25,000, allowed the understanding of relationships between hydrogeological systems' geometrical elements and structural elements related to neotectonic events as a basis to determine, among other aspects, potential recharge areas of these systems. The morphostructural study, aided by geophysical data collected, showed that the area has a structural control related to a neotectonic pulse that triggered the reactivation of faults with NW-SE, NE-SW, EW and NS directions. This lead to anomalies and changes in drainage patterns and conditioned the establishment of units where flat-topped hills, pediplanized hills, and major river plains were produced. These faults may be compatible with a stress field that generated a geometric arrangement characterized by tectonic blocks and a destral kinematic configuration, where tensile fault were formed in NW-SE direction, setting up important conduits for the recharge of hydrogeological systems. The area studied is composed by three hydrological systems: Superior, Barreiras, and Pirabas, which present variable depth related to the vertical rupture of rock layers, promoted by neotectonic faults. These hydrological systems, considered confined (Pirabas) to semi-confined (Barreiras), have a recharge component from fault zones and fault trace of NW-SE direction. The recharge of free aquifers occurs through direct precipitation, from rain water at the Midwest and northeast of the studied area.
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