A review was made on the most relevant documents on strategic epidemiology for occupational safety and health. The present article has as peculiarity to analyze qualitatively the scientific literature available in the databases Scielo, Redalyc and official Web pages, using as search words: epidemiology, industrial safety and occupational health. Relevant information was obtained related to the proposed objective, which is presented in 3 sections: the epidemiology of safety and health; concepts, measures and studies in epidemiology and present and future challenges.
El presente artículo de revisión analiza cualitativamente la normativa de riesgos laborales en Colombia y su impacto en el sector de hidrocarburos, utilizando la literatura científica disponible en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc y páginas Web oficiales, con palabras de búsqueda: seguridad y salud en el trabajo, riesgo laboral, hidrocarburos, sostenibilidad. Donde se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con el objetivo propuesto, la cual se presenta en 3 secciones: sistema general de riesgos laborales, cambios en la normatividad, el sector de hidrocarburos y los riegos laborales. Para Colombia se estima que el costo total de la accidentalidad “podría alcanzar el 1,5% del PIB”. En Colombia se vio un incremento de accidentes laborales, probablemente explica no solo el aumento de los mismos sino por el aumento en el reporte de accidentes laborales. Según el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social en 1994 calificaron como accidentes laborales un total de 136.767, para el año 2008 un total de 360.800, más del doble del año 1998.
Se diseñó un protocolo para la percepción del riesgo laboral con enfasis preventivo en accidentes y enfermedades laborales para las empresas del sector metalmecánico de la ciudad de Barranquilla, ubicado al norte de Colombia. La investigación es de tipo no experimental, descriptiva y transversal; para este estudio se utilizó, un cuestionario integrado por 74 ítems, divididos en 3 apartados: datos demográficos, conocimiento en prevención de riesgos laborales y la identificación de los factores de riesgos. Para validar el instrumento se utilizó el Alfa Cronbach el cual alcanzó un valor de 0.95. Los principales hallazgos nos indican que, los trabajadores presentan un nivel bajo en prevención de accidentes y enfermedades laborales. Se evidencia falta de intervención del gobierno y pocos recursos de los empleadores para cumplir con la normatividad vigente.
The organizations are aware of the need to insert them in this international market, which has as a mandatory requirement to demonstrate a solid environmental performance in correspondence with the expectations of the interested parties and the transparency of their information. The application of environmental management tools constitutes a fundamental element within modern business strategies, since they allow improving the environmental performance of a company, without affecting its profitability and even increasing it, since its adoption implies concepts of quality and technical efficiency. The Ecomaps allow analyzing, managing and communicating on the management of resources, water, energy, materials and supplies, as well as the management of waste, emissions, discharges and risks in a productive or functional activity, in environmental matters. The main objective of this review article is to qualitatively analyze the scientific literature available in the Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc databases and official Web pages, using as search words: environment, industrial, ecomap, company, sustainability. Relevant information related to the proposed objective was obtained, which is presented in 3 sections: Diagnosis of the environmental situation in companies, Ecomap or Ecomapping, Types of Ecomaps. Ecomapping is a step-by-step process to collect useful information and trigger immediate environmental actions. The ecomaps verify the processes and behaviors of the collaborators and induce immediate improvements.
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