Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in enamel hardness post-external bleaching after remineralized with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) and the difference in increased enamel hardness between CPP-ACPF and NaF materials. Materials and Methods The study was true experimental in vitro using 30 samples of mandibular premolars. All samples were bleached using 40% hydrogen peroxide. The samples were divided into three groups of 10 samples each; group I as a control without application of remineralization material, group II was given an application of CPP-ACPF (GC Tooth Mousse Plus: GC Europe, Lot #201130B), and group III was given an application of 5% NaF (Clinpro White Varnish: 3M ESPE, Lot #NA62322) Then the entire samples were stored in artificial saliva. The hardness of the samples was measured using a Vickers hardness tester before bleaching, after bleaching, and after remineralization for 7, 14, and 21 days. Statistical Analysis Analysis of the data used was an analysis of variance test to assess differences in the increase in enamel hardness between groups and paired t-tests and to determine differences in enamel hardness in each group. Results This study showed that there was an increase in the enamel hardness after bleaching which was remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% NaF. There was a difference in the increased enamel hardness between teeth remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% NaF. The enamel hardness of CPP-ACPF was higher compared with 5% NaF after remineralization of 7, 14, and 21 days. Conclusion There was an increase in the enamel hardness after external bleaching that was remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF). There was a difference in the increased enamel hardness between teeth remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF). CPP-ACPF showed a higher enamel hardness value than 5% NaF.

Pembersihan saluran akar merupakan tahapan penting yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan perawatan saluran akar. Irigasi saluran akar menggunakan irigan yang dihantarkan melalui spuit dan jarum irigasi. Desain ujung jarum yang digunakan dapat mempengaruhi kebersihan saluran akar yang diirigasi. Bagian sepertiga apikal saluran akar merupakan bagian yang paling sulit untuk dibersihkan, terutama jika irigasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan spuit dan jarum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kebersihan sepertiga apikal saluran akar dari debris setelah diirigasi menggunakan jarum bevel dan jarum side-vent. Metode: Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 gigi insisif sentral rahang atas yang telah diekstraksi. Gigi dibagi dua kelompok untuk diinstrumentasi dengan jarum protaper dan diirigasi menggunakan NaOCl 2,5%. Kelompok pertama diirigasi menggunakan jarum bevel dan kelompok kedua diirigasi menggunakan jarum side-vent. Kebersihan sepertiga saluran akar diukur melalui skor debris. Skor debris dari masing-masing kelompok kemudian diuji dengan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelompok yang diirigasi jarum side-vent dapat menghasilkan rata-rata skor debris lebih rendah (0,091) dibandingkan kelompok yang diirigasi jarum bevel (0,117). Uji statistik terhadap rata-rata skor debris menghasilkan nilai p>0,05 (p=0,095). Simpulan: Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kebersihan sepertiga apikal saluran akar dari debris setelah diirigasi menggunakan jarum bevel dan jarum side-vent. Kata kunci: Debris, irigasi saluran akar, jarum bevel, jarum side-vent. Differences of the one-third of the root canal cleanliness after irrigation using bevel needles and side-vent needles ABSTRACT Introduction: Root canal cleaning is an important part which will determine the success of root canal therapy. Cleaning is done by irrigating root canal with irrigant delivered by syringe and irrigation needle. Needle's tip design can affect the result of root canal cleanliness after irrigation. One-third root canal apical would be the most challenging part to be cleaned, especially if the irrigation was done by syringe and needle. This study was aimed to find out the difference of the one-third root canal apical cleanliness from debris after irrigation using a bevel and a side-vent needle. Methods: This study used 30 extracted maxillary central incisors as samples. The teeth were then divided into two groups; each group was instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl. The first group was irrigated using a bevel needle and the second group was irrigated using a side-vent needle. The first group was irrigated using a bevel needle and the second group was irrigated using a side-vent needle. The cleanliness of one-third of the root canal was measured through a debris score. Debris scores from each group were then tested by an unpaired t-test. Result: Result of this study showed that the group irrigated using a side-vent needle had a lower debris score (0.091) than the group irrigated usi...

Pendahuluan: Kegagalan perawatan saluran akar dapat menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi ulang. Retreatment non-bedah merupakan salah satu perawatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk menangani infeksi ulang. Pada perawatan retreatment seluruh bahan pengisi saluran akar termasuk gutaperca dan sealer harus dihilangkan seluruhnya. Salah satu teknik untuk membersihkan sealer di dalam saluran akar adalah dengan menggunakan cairan irigasi dan aktivasi sonik. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tatalaksana pembersihan sealer pada saluran akar pada kasus retreatment gigi 11 menggunakan irigan dan aktivitas sonik. Laporan kasus: Pasien laki-laki umur 25 tahun datang ke bagian Konservasi Gigi RSGM Unpad mengeluhkan gigi depan rahang atas sakit sejak satu minggu sebelumnya, berubah warna, dan pernah dirawat saluran akar. Pasien ingin giginya dirawat dan diperbaiki penampilannya. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan vitalitas gigi negatif. Pemeriksaan radiologis menunjukkan terdapat gambaran radiopak pada saluran akar menyerupai bahan pengisi, dan terdapat pelebaran membran periodontal. Rencana perawatan adalah retreatment gigi 11 dengan follow up internal bleaching dan restorasi komposit kelas IV. Perawatan dilakukan dengan irigasi menggunakankan larutan EDTA dan surfaktan (Smearclear, SybronEndo) yang diaktifasi menggunakan EndoActivator (Dentsply). Simpulan: Pembersihan sealer dari saluran akar dilakukan dengan penggunaan EDTA dengan surfaktan yang diaktivasi menggunakan aktivasi sonik pada kasus retreatment gigi 11.Kata kunci: EDTA, surfaktan, aktivasi sonik, non-surgical retreatment, sealer saluran akar. ABSTRACT            Introduction: The failure of root canal treatment can causes re-infection. Non-surgical retreatment is one of the procedures can be done to deal with the re-infection. All root canal fillers including the gutta-percha and sealers must be removed entirely. One technique for cleaning the root canal sealers is by using liquid irrigation and sonic activation. This case report was aimed to describe the management of cleansing the root canal sealer in the case of non-surgical retreatment of tooth 11 using liquid irrigant with sonic activation. Case report: A 25-years-old male patient came to the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital with a chief complaint of soreness in his maxillary front teeth prior week, with a colour change, and had been treated with a root canal treatment. The patient wanted his tooth to be treated and had an appearance improvement. Clinical examination indicated the negative vitality of the tooth. Radiological examination showed that there was a radiopaque image on the root canal resembling a filling material, and there was also a widening periodontal membrane. The treatment plan was retreatment of tooth 11 with the follow-up of internal bleaching and class IV composite restorations. The treatment was performed by irrigation using an EDTA solution and surfactant (SmearClear™ SybronEndo) which was activated using an EndoActivator® (Dentsply). Conclusion: Cleansing of the root canal sealer in the case of non-surgical retreatments of tooth 11 was carried out using an EDTA solution and surfactants, activated using the sonic activation.Keywords: EDTA, surfactant, sonic activation, non-surgical retreatment, root canal sealer.