In malaria elimination areas, malaria cases are sporadic and consist predominantly of imported cases. Plasmodium knowlesi cases have been reported throughout Southeast Asia where long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques and Anopheles leucosphyrus group mosquitoes are sympatric. The limitation of microscopic examination to diagnose P. knowlesi is well known. In consequence, no P. knowlesi case has previously been reported from routine health facility-based case finding activities in Indonesia. This report describes two clusters of unexpected locally acquired P. knowlesi cases found in an area where Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection had been eliminated in Sabang Municipality, Aceh, Indonesia. The difficulties in diagnosis and response illustrate challenges that Southeast Asian countries will increasingly face as the formerly common malaria parasites P. falciparum and P. vivax are gradually eliminated from the region.

Background Analysis of anti-malarial antibody responses has the potential to improve characterization of the variation in exposure to infection in low transmission settings, where conventional measures, such as entomological estimates and parasitaemia point prevalence become less sensitive and expensive to measure. This study evaluates the use of sero-epidemiological analysis to investigate heterogeneity of transmission in area conducting elimination in Indonesia. Methods Filter paper bloodspots and epidemiological data were collected through a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in two sub-districts in Sabang municipality, Aceh province, Indonesia in 2013. Antibody responses to merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1 19 ) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were measured using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroconversion rates (SCR) were estimated by fitting a simple reversible catalytic model to seroprevalence data for each antibody. Spatial analysis was performed using a Normal model (SaTScan v.9.4.2) to identify the clustering of higher values of household antibody responses. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with exposure. Results 1624 samples were collected from 605 households. Seroprevalence to any P. falciparum antigen was higher than to any P. vivax antigen, 6.9% (95% CI 5.8–8.2) vs 2.0% (95% CI 1.4–2.8). SCR estimates suggest that there was a significant change in P. falciparum transmission with no exposure seen in children under 5 years old. Plasmodium falciparum SCR in over 5 years old was 0.008 (95% CI 0.003–0.017) and 0.012 (95% CI 0.005–0.030) in Sukakarya and Sukajaya sub-districts, respectively. Clusters of exposure were detected for both P. falciparum and P. vivax, most of them in Sukajaya sub-district. Higher age, P. vivax seropositivity and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed net (LLIN) were associated with higher P. falciparum exposure. Conclusion Analysis of community-based serological data helps describe the level of transmission, heterogeneity and factors associated with malaria transmission in Sabang. This approach could be an important additional tool for malaria monitoring and surveillance in low transmission settings in Indonesia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2866-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Several oils have been reported as nutritional source and providing potential benefits for human life. Oil adulteration becomes major issue due to economical attempt to reduce the price of high cost oils. The employment of FTIR spectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique can be applied in oils authentication study. Two of R software packages namely factoextra and FactoMineR were exploited to perform PCA for analysis sixteen various oils from market in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that PCA model have been successfully generated using these two statistical packages. Individual plot, variable plot, and biplot were presented to visualize the PCA model. It was also proved that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has similar chemical characteristics to palm oil (PO) as reported in the previous study.

Remaja sangat rentan terhadap perilaku yang berisiko terhadap kesehatan seperti merokok dan minum minuman keras sehingga harus secara dini dibekali dengan pengetahuan untuk mencegah perilaku-perilaku berisiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh edukasi melalui media media Whats App dan leaflet tarhadap perubahan perilaku berisiko pada  siswa SMKS Muhammadiyah Bungoro dan SMAS DDI Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen semu (quasi-experimen) dengan rancangan pretest-posttest only control group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 2 yang terdaftar di SMKS Muhammadiyah Bungoro dan SMA DDI Pangkajen Kabupaten Pangkep sebanyak 330 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 2 dari SMKS Muhammadiyah Bungoro dan SMA DDI Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep sebanyak 180 siswa. Pengambilan sampel  secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan saat pretest dan posttest. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum edukasi, pengetahuan dan sikap siswa lebh banyak yang kurang, setelah pemberian edukasi pengetahuan dan sikap siswa meningkat menjadi baik. Peningkatan pengetahuan lebih tinggi pada siswa yang mendapat edukasi melalui leaflet, sedangkan peningkatan sikap lebih tinggi pada siswa yang mendapat edukasi melalui Whats App.  Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada pengaruh edukasi melalui leaflet dan Whats App terhadap perubahan perilakau berisiko siswa (p<0.05).