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Purpose:-The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of organizational work climate on employee’s job satisfaction and in particular Engro Foods Limited Pakistan was taken as a case. Methodology and Sample:-Post-positivism research philosophy has been used in this research. Structured questionnaire was developed from the literature and collected data from 184 employees of Engro Foods Limited head office, including both the executive and operational staff. The four constructs of organizational work climate is used like human relation, open system, internal process and rational goals. Findings:-The results shows that the human relations and open system have a strong impact on employees job satisfaction at Engro Foods Limited and there is a correlation exist between human relations, open system, rational goals and job satisfaction among employees of Engro Foods Limited. Practical Implications:-This research will be instrumental for Engro Foods Limited to work more on the stated dimension to ensure a positive and congenial work climate.

Multinational Companies (MNCs) commitment towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices are gaining attention globally. While thoughtfulness of MNCs on communal and ecological concerns are increasing since world is observing environmental damage, decrease in greenhouse gases, exploitation of reserves and inclined in poverty. MNCs are consider as the key stakeholders to establish polices and activities to deal with these challenges effectively and can play a significant role towards the wellbeing of society where these MNCs are functioning. This connotes the prospective of MNCs as being part of problem, where at the same time provides measure of solution through CSR and its implications towards sustainable development. Therefore, the vision of CSR embedding broad objectives of sustainable development, which significantly impact on economic progress and establishing communal and environmentally sustainable development concerns. The aim of this paper is to understand the conception of CSR practices and its contribution in sustainable development through effective utilization of naturalreserves by MNCs, it justifies the need of sustainability and environmental change in the society.Therefore, this study highlighted the crucial connotations on CSR, sustainable development and its alignment with the agendas of triple bottom line to achieve the wider impact of CSR.

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Capecitabine (CP) shows severe side effects because of early metabolism in stomach that affects the normal cells and organs, particularly liver and stomach. In this scope, we report the biocompatible, nontoxic polymeric thin films loaded with anti-cancer drug, CP for target specific, sublingual delivery of CP. Chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as biodegradable polymers alongwith glutaraldehyde (GLA) cross linker. CP-loaded thin films (TFCP1–TFCP5) were fabricated by solvent casting method. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CP and polymers (CS and PVA) with GLA which binds through hydrogen bonding, and compatibility of drug with different excipients. Thermogravemetric analysis showed that the thin films are highly stable while differential scanning calorimeter thermograms confirmed the complete miscibility/entrapment of CP within PVA/CS thin film matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the molecular ineractions between CP and polymer matrix. High degree of swelling index of thin films at pH 7.4 was observed in comparison to pH 5.5. CP release studies in acetate (pH 5.5) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) showed that the thin films swell and result in drug diffusion faster in phosphate buffer through diffusion governed by Higuchi’s model. Cytotoxicity results displayed that CPTFs killed MCF-7 and T47D (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells more effectively as compared to CP alone. The results of adhesion assay also showed that the PVA and CS both are safe and biocompatible. TFCP1 and TFCP3 thin films efficiently induced the apoptosis as compared to CP alone. The improved ability of TFCP1 and TFCP3 to induce cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells reflects the potential of these thin films for targeted drug delivery. The CPTFs were stable for 4 months at 4 °C/60% ± 2%RH and 25 °C/70% ± 2%RH. In conclusion, the thin film formulations showed target specific controlled and burst release properties and thus could prove to be effective for human breast cancer treatment.

Background: Malaria is a crucial disease that causes huge mortality and morbidity, along with economic losses in term of purchasing medicines in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 human blood samples were collected from the Districts of Karak and Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in Pakistan, and were examined through microscopy and then all positive samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method for the detection of antibodies against plasmodium. Result: The overall prevalence of malaria was found to be 18% (27/150). The prevalence of plasmodium species was “21.3% (16/75) and 14.6% (11/75) in the Districts of Karak and Kohat respectively. The prevalence of plasmodium species i.e. P. vivax and P. falciparum, in the Districts of Karak and Kohat, was found to be 14.6% (22/150) and 3.33% (5/150) respectively. Among these, P. vivax 10.6% (8/75) and P.falciparum 4% (3/75) were noted in the District of Kohat; while P. vivax 18.6% (14/75) and P. falciparum 2.6% (2/75) were found in the District of Karak Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan respectively”. The serum protein of malaria patients were 57KDA and 78KDA bands, which were determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique. Conclusion: The SDS page method is the most accurate diagnostic assay and was recognized as a most reliable method in the diagnosis of antibodies produced against Plasmodium spps. The proteins bands of Serum protein of malaria patients may be undertaken for study to develop possible future vaccine.