Of 1200 patients referred to the esophageal laboratory at Guy's Hospital for investigation of suspected esophageal motility disorders, 61 (5.1%) were diagnosed as diffuse esophageal spasm. Twenty of these patients whose symptoms were severe did not respond to conservative treatment and were treated by balloon dilatation. Results were good in 14 and poor in six patients, which included one esophageal perforation. Diffuse esophageal spasm was diagnosed where more than 30% nonperistaltic activity was demonstrated by manometry. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and relaxation were normal in all cases except one. Gastroesophageal reflux was present in four of five poor responders who were examined by 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring, and in only one of 10 good responders. Three of the six patients in whom balloon dilatation was successful proceeded to full-length myotomy, with relief of symptoms in two. The indications for, and results of, balloon dilatation in this condition are discussed, and a new radiological sign is described.

The renal transplant vascularity of 72 patients was investigated by intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA). The procedure was combined with selective venous renin sampling of the transplant and native kidneys to identify the source of hypertension in these patients. Abnormalities were found on IV DSA examination in 26 patients, of whom 7 had graft artery stenosis, 7 had diffuse intrarenal narrowing, 9 had lower pole ischemia, and 3 had aneurysmal dilatation. The combined outpatient procedure was well tolerated by all patients with no complications nor incidence of proteinuria.