No abstract

In line with economic growth, material requirements in the industrial sector will increase. Industries are required to use materials that are safe for human health, environmentally friendly and utilize local raw materials. Currently, industries in general still use synthetic materials based on petroleum residues that contain many hazardous chemicals. Therefore, natural fiber has the potential to be used as a substitute for synthetic materials, especially in Indonesia which is rich in natural fibers resources. This will have an impact on the socio-economy of the local community so that it can grow the rural economic sector. Natural fibers have high economic value that can be used for various raw material needs for strategic industries. A good natural fiber processing mechanism will produce products that can be marketed globally with guaranteed product quality. This research analyzes the effect of alkali treatment of ramie, sugar palm and coir fiber on the increase in mechanical properties of the fiber. The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile strength testing of single fiber according to ASTM D3822 standard using a textechno favigraph machine. In addition, this research is supported by data from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the fibers that had been given an alkali treatment had better mechanical properties compared to untreated fibers. Increased tensile strength of fibers was observec after being treated with alkali for ramie 81%, sugar palm 52% and coir 56%. The advantage of this alkaline treatment method is that no heating is involved and the treatment procedures are more practical compared to other methods.

Sand molding has the advantage of being able to cast metals with high melting points, such as steel and nickel. Sand for the mold media generally uses a lot of silica sand. Some sand molds contain alphaset binders as well as other binders. Alphaset sand molding is a technique for making molds and metal casting cores that use resin as a binder and catalyst between sands. The addition of a catalyst as a mixture of resin. The process of making specimens for the sand mold test using silica sand SiO2 with a weight of 1000 g using 2.1% alphaphenolic resin and 25% catalyst from resin as additional elements for the resin hardening process. with a manual mixing process and making a sample with a diameter of 50mm in the form of a silencer with the tests carried out are water content, lost of ignition compressive strength and sand size distribution. Good moisture content data on alphaset molds are shown in temperature variations with heating. the results of testing the value of increasing compressive strength with variations in heating curing time 30, 60, 90 get results of 20.45, 22.8 and 31.85. data from the lost of ignition test sample curing time 30 get results of 2.05 The results of the distribution of sand are suitable for steel castings with large, medium and small sizes of castings, water content of curing time of 120, get results of more than 1%, namely 1.06 factors causing the mixin process. The above test shows an increase in compressive strength with variations in heating with lost of ignition testing temperature. The more often sand is used as the mold produces a higher LOI value.

Industry 4.0 era materials used by entrepreneurs should be recycled, environmentally friendly, renewable with less chemical content. Indonesia as a tropical country has a large land area with the potential to produce the largest natural fiber in the world. One opportunity that can be applied to the utilization of natural fibers in air filters that currently use dominant materials is synthetic fibers. natural fiber has the advantage because it does not contain toxic chemicals, local raw materials, and is easily produced. This research will analyze the mechanical and morphological characteristics of biological fibers that have great potential as pre-filter raw material. Analysis of mechanical properties through tensile strength testing for single fibers and morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was the results are; palm oil has a tensile strength of 620 MPa; 998 MPa and 213 MPa flax coconut fiber. For the morphological test results from SEM analysis for ramie fiber, it looks solid without fiber holes; The fibers appear to be many small fibers bound to one another while coir fibers have many pore holes in one observed fiber.