On the compliance with current requirements for the search for new alternative intensive models of agricultural production, the article has analyzed the structure of sown areas of farms in the Ukrainian Veld zone with an area of agricultural land up to 50 hectares; factors that indicate the need to optimize the structure of crops to meet the requirements of sustainable development and regenerative agriculture has been identified; the role of crop rotations in the system of modern agriculture has been revealed; the assumption that the tool of optimization of sown areas can be inclusion of medicinal plants in them has been put forward and substantiated; an optimization model has been built, with the help of which, based on production resources (land, labor, material, etc.), the optimal structure of sown areas of farms in the Ukrainian Steppe zone with an area of agricultural land up to 50 hectares has been determined; on the basis of the optimization economic-mathematical model with the help of the simplex method the increase of profitability of agricultural production has been calculated; the optimal structure of sown areas of the studied farms of the Ukrainian Veld zone with the introduction of medicinal plants has been developed.

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The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the necessity of studying the objective preconditions for the establishment and development of the methodology of teaching Ukrainian for Professional Purposes as a new branch of linguodidactics and creation of a holistic scientific and methodological system of teaching the course at pedagogical institutions of higher education. The work aims to figure out the essence of the “methodology of teaching Ukrainian for Professional Purposes” concept, the specificity of formation of this branch of linguodidactics, its interscientific bases, process structure, and regularities of historical development. The methodological basis of the research consists of the comparative, retrospective, systemic and chronological approaches. A set of methods has been used during the study: reflexive and comparative analysis, visualisation, mathematical and statistical processing, generalisation. The article determines five fundamental scientific platforms that ensure the theoretical and methodological content of the branch of linguodidactics: the platforms of linguistics, documentation science, scientific research, psychology, professional pedagogy. The fact that the development of the methodology of teaching Ukrainian for Professional Purposes as a new branch of linguodidactics requires synthesis of theoretical and applied aspects for the formulation of initial statements and conduction of independent scientific and methodological research into this sphere, which, in its turn, has a reverse impact on the practice of teaching Ukrainian for Professional Purposes, has been emphasized. The study of the historical past, particularly the period of the emergence of the educational course, has shown that the formation of the methodology of teaching this discipline as a branch of Ukrainian linguodidactics had been taking place according to the requirements of the time and based on the practical experience of teaching. Based on studying the dynamics of the scientific interest in the methodology of teaching Ukrainian for Professional Purposes between 1994 and 2020, a low level of consideration of the methodological aspects of teaching the course in scientific publications has been determined (10 %) and acknowledged as insufficient for the development of a holistic scientific and methodological system of teaching the discipline at pedagogical institutions of higher education.

The aim of this article is to reveal the results of studying the theoretical and applied aspects of the test technology of teaching: to structure the technological cycle, develop a model of the test technology of teaching, reveal the ways of optimisation of the educational process using the test technology. The conducted research shows that using test technologies of teaching significantly increases the qualitative indicators of mastering the material because of the motivational component, objectivity of evaluation, psychological comfort and elements of gamification. It has been determined that the efficiency of its implementation is affected by such aspects as compliance with the technological cycle, balancing the level of difficulty of test tasks by the difficulty index (Is), selection of the strategy for task placement, correctness of distractor creation, establishment of optimal quantitative and temporal characteristics of the test, the evaluation system, synchronous or asynchronous interaction between a teacher and students.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблеми формування підприємницьких якостей студентів педагогічних спеціальностей. З'ясовано сутність поняття "підприємницька компетентність", визначено його структуру, окреслено змістове наповнення кожного елемента відповідно до навчальної програми курсу "Українська мова за професійним спрямуванням".