The purpose of our research is to develop the problem of stuttering in the psychological aspect to reveal its genesis, to understand the behavior of people who stutter in the process of communication, to identify their individual psycho-logical characteristics.research methods. The research methods were the method of observation and the empirical study of patients. The place of organizing the empirical stage of our research was the psychiatric hospital No 1 in Kyiv. With the help of clinical, pathopsychological and anamnestic methods 86 children at the age 3­12 years old (the average age is 8 ± 0.5 years old) with logoneurosis in anamnesis were diagnosed.the results of the research. The pathogenesis of stuttering is studied and those who stuttered are noted to have various autonomic changes. 84% of peo-ple who stuttered are considered to have autonomic dystonia. Among 98% of people who suffered from logoneurosis, 20% had a high intracranial pressure and extrapyramidal disorders. It is studied that those people who stuttered were born with vasoneurotics. It was quite objectively showed a change in the neu-rovegetative response in those ones who stuttered during seizures: in 100% of cases there was dilation of the pupils (mydriasis), while in a case of people who spoke correctly, the width of the pupils during speech did not change or there was some narrowing (miosis).conclusions. The reasons of logoneurosis are: neuropathic burden of par-ents (nervous, infectious and somatic diseases that weaken or disrupt the func-tions of the central nervous system); neuropathic features of a stuttering person (night terrors, enuresis, irritability, emotional tension); constitutional predisposi-tion (diseases of the autonomic nervous system and increased susceptibility to higher nervous activity, its special predisposition to mental trauma); hereditary burden; brain damage in different periods of the personal development.

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Introduction. The social security of Ukrainian pensioners due to permanent crises and the solidarity pension system was not at a high enough level, however, with the beginning of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the material support of people of retirement age has decreased to the level of the poverty line, which poses quite serious risks for ensuring elementary living conditions persons of retirement age. Therefore, considering the state of war in the country, the issue of social security for pensioners is extremely relevant for Ukraine and requires a scientific solution. Goal. Study of the problems of social security of pensioners of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law and formation of proposals to increase its quality characteristics and material level. Method (methodology). Abstract-logical and empirical methods of scientific research were used in the article to generalize the essence of the main theoretical concepts; methods of analysis and synthesis and methods of comparison for calculating the minimum level of economic well-being of a pensioner; methods of abstraction and generalization to justify research conclusions. The results. The article proves that the level of social security of pensioners as a result of the war with the Russian Federation and the devaluation of the national currency provoked by it has significantly decreased and about 8.7 million pensioners have fallen beyond the poverty line. It is substantiated that 5,400 hryvnias are needed to ensure the basic social needs of pensioners, in particular, the purchase of a minimum set of food and medicine and the payment of utilities. In order to increase the level of social security of pensioners of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, it is proposed to expand cooperation with international humanitarian organizations, to introduce mandatory public works in the form of assistance to pensioners for persons who are registered in employment centers, to use remittances in the amount of up to one hryvnia in retail chains and cashback in commercial banks to pay for food packages for low-income pensioners. After the end of martial law, it is proposed to carry out a pension reform in Ukraine and introduce a mechanism for preserving the value of voluntary deductions to the savings fund.

the purpose of our article is to study psychological peculiarities of the intro-ductory period of physical rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke. research methods. There were used psychological and pedagogical research methods: the analysis of literature sources, the method of psycho-logical and pedagogical observation, psychological and pedagogical experi-ment.the results of the research. We proved that psychological objectives of the introductory period of physical rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke were: 1) restoration of proper breathing; 2) the formation of the psychological basis for the implementation of motor actions; 3) learning the elements of basic motor actions: the accuracy of motor tasks, maintaining a certain posture (star-ting position) in the process of doing exercises; 4) learning the basics of ideomo-tor exercises; 5) learning methods of self-control.conclusions. It was shown,when performing new exercises, patients had experienced psycho-emotional stress, which had led to signs of fatigue (even when performing only a few physical exercises). It was manifested in the form of inadequate response of the cardiovascular system to the proposed load, and changes into the psycho-emotional state of the patient (increased anxiety, loss of interest, decreased concentration, etc.). In the presence of only subjective sensa-tions of the emotional nature, when there was no inadequate response of the cardiovascular system to the proposed load, we used the method of “switching”. In a case of “switching” we asked the patient a general question in order to listen to his/her answer. This technique significantly accelerated the recovery of the person’s activity. When we observed fatigue associated with reduced levels of functionality, the patient was offered rest until complete recovery of a cardio-vascular system.

Ірина Михайлівна ЗАВАДСЬКА, кандидат історичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри соціальної роботи, психології та соціокультурної діяльності ім. Т. Сосновської, Навчально-реабілітаційний заклад вищої освіти «Кам'янець-Подільський державний інститут»