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In a study of congenital cataract in northern India, 76 patients (146 eyes) were evaluated for morphological patterns and etiology. Partial cataracts were found to be three times more common than total cataracts, the lamellar types being the most common among the partial cataracts. Hereditary cataracts had a 19.7*/£ incidence. The majority (46.05'/· ) of cases of congenital cataract were of idiopathic origin. A few cases were associated with metabolic disorders (Marian's and Marchand's). Strabismus and nystagmus were the most common associated ocular abnormalities (28.94'/? and 15.79'/f ), and mental retardation was the most commonly associated systemic abnormality. Rubella cataract was seen far less frequently than expected.

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The visual outcome in cases of congenital cataract, managed both surgically and conservatively, is outlined. Final vision was better in cases with partial cataract, about 40'/f of whom attained 6/24 or better vision. With total cataracts, none could achieve this level of vision, with the majority (84'-i I attaining only 6/60 or less acuity Visual results were also better in patients without nystagmus, 34f¿ of whom attained 6/24 or better vision, while in cases with nystagmus, only 15'^ could come up to this level. Cataracts necessitating early surgery had a worse prognosis than cataracts necessitating late surgery. Visual results were best in cases with bilateral cataracts, partial cataracts, absence of associated ocular anomalies, the absence of nystagmus and in patients requiring later surgery. The important causes of nonimprovement of vision were amblyopia and after-cataract. Retinal detachment, retinopathy, and degenerative myopia were some of the less frequent causes of poor vision, while mental retardation was another important factor. Full cooperation from the parents is absolutely essential in the proper visual rehabilitation of the handicapped child.