Introduction: The occurrence of urolithiasis in pregnancy represents a challenge in both diagnosis and treatment of this condition, because it presents risks not only to the mother but also to the fetus. Surgical treatment may be indicated for patients with infection, persistent pain, and obstruction of a solitary kidney. We present our experience on the management of pregnant patients with ureteral calculi and a review of the literature. Materials and Methods: The charts of 19 pregnant patients with obstructive ureteral calculi were retrospectively reviewed. Gestational age ranged from 13 to 33 weeks. In all patients, ureteral stone was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasound. In regard to localization, 15 calculi were in the distal ureter, 3 in the proximal ureter, and 1 in the interior of an ureterocele. Calculi size ranged from 6 to 10 mm (mean, 8 mm). The following criteria were used to indicate ureteroscopy: persistent pain with no improvement after clinical treatment, increase in renal dilation, or presence of uterine contractions. Nine patients (47.3%) were submitted to ureteroscopy. All calculi (100%) were removed with a stone basket extractor under continuous endoscopic vision. None of the calculi demanded the use of a lithotriptor. Results: Nine patients (47.3%) treated with clinical measurements presented no obstetric complications and spontaneous elimination of the calculi. Nine patients (47.3%) submitted to ureteroscopy had no surgical complications. There was remission of pain in all cases after ureteroscopy and ureteral catheter placement. Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of ureteral lithiasis in pregnant women present potential risks for the fetus and the mother. Conservative management is the first option, but ureteroscopy may be performed with safety and high success rates.

Sarcoma of the prostate and sarcomatoid carcinoma of the prostate are rare conditions, both characterized by a poor prognosis. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the prostate typically arises from the evolution of an underlying adenocarcinoma, occasionally featuring heterologous elements, bulky disease being possible but rare. In contrast, sarcoma of the prostate derives from non-epithelial mesenchymal components of the prostatic stroma, shows rapid growth, and frequently presents as massive pelvic tumors obstructing the urinary tract at the time of diagnosis. We report the case of a 55-year-old patient with a two-month history of symptoms of urinary obstruction. The patient presented with an extremely enlarged heterogeneous prostate, although his prostatespecific antigen level was low. The lack of a history of prostatic neoplasia led us to suspect sarcoma, and a transrectal prostate biopsy was carried out. An immunohistochemical study of the biopsy specimen did not confirm the clinical suspicion. However, in view of the clinical features, we believe that sarcoma of the prostate was the most likely diagnosis. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. At this writing, surgical resection had yet to be scheduled.Keywords: Prostate; Sarcoma; Carcinoma. CASE REPORTWe report a case of a 55-year-old male patient who sought treatment in the Surgery Department Hospital. His primary complaint was acute urinary retention. He had a two-month history of symptoms of urinary obstruction. Physical examination revealed hard, lobulated enlargement of the prostate. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis (Figures 1 and 2) showed an extremely enlarged heterogeneous prostate (estimated volume, 300 cc) without evidence of adjacent tissue invasion. At diagnosis, his serum prostatespecific antigen (PSA) level was 0.7 ng.mL -1 (reference range, 0-4 ng.mL -1 ). Despite urinary catheterization, the patient developed renal failure. Another CT scan performed on postadmission day 10 showed rapid tumor growth, the volume of the prostate having increased to 700 cc.