Background: The lack of properly-stocked facilities with basic and essential equipment and supplies as well as clinical guidelines required to successfully manage Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) has been reported in developing, low-income countries. It is necessary to ensure properly stocked health facilities for effective health care delivery. This study set out to assess the capacity of the health facilities in Bayelsa, Nigeria for the management of cases of eclampsia. Methods: A descriptive design was used in the conduct of this research in which 155 workers were recruited. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select health facilities for the study. The study instruments included a self-administered structured questionnaire, an interview guide, and an inventory checklist. Data entry, cleaning and analysis were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated using the data. Results: It was found in this study that though MgSO4 was present in one (8.33%) primary and two (66.6%) secondary health facilities visited, no guide on how to administer and monitor the patients was available. The majority of the workforce in the primary health facility were the CHEW/CHO (48%), followed by midwives (16.9%) and then nurses (12.3%).Doctors constituted 7.7% while  pharmacists and pharmacist technicians constituted 6.2% and 9.2% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that facilities assessed lacked most of the basic and essential equipment, supplies and drugs, required for the successful management of PE/E. For effective management of cases of eclampsia, it is very essential that there should be a continuous supply of necessary tools, drugs and functioning equipment needed for the management of PE/E in all health care facilities.

Background: Hysterosalpingography is an investigative modality used in the evaluation of the uterine cavity, fallopian tubes, and adjacent peritoneal cavity following the injection of contrast material through the cervical canal. Objective: To determine the pattern of pathologies seen in infertile women undergoing hysterosalpingography. Materials and Methods: This prospective research was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiology Departments of the two tertiary health institutions in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, from January to July, 2021. Hysterosalpingography was done for 350 infertile women, after obtaining written informed consent. Data were entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: The most common tubal finding was blockage; 7 in 10 (71.7%) women had at least one blocked tube. One hundred and nine (31.1%) had both tubes blocked, the left tube was blocked in seventy-nine (22.6%), while the right tube was affected in sixty-three (18.0%) women. Hydrosalpinx affected the right, left and both tubes in 20 (5.7%), 8 (2.3%) and 4 (1.1%) women respectively. Uterine findings were fibroids (21.1%), intrauterine adhesion (3.4%) bicornuate uterus (0.9%) and adenomyosis (1.1%). Conclusion: This study revealed a high incidence of tubal blockage in the women being evaluated for infertility. The plausible reason for this observation may be due to post-abortion sepsis and pelvic inflammatory disease that may have arisen from induced abortion, as observed in our study. Hysterosalpingography remains a very crucial investigative modality that plays a central role in the evaluation of infertile women.

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Background: Hysterosalpingography is the most commonly used investigative modality for the evaluation of tubal patency. It is cheap, readily available and reliable. However, its main drawback is associated pain. Objective: To determine the predictive factors for the severity of procedure-associated pain in infertile women undergoing hysterosalpingography. Materials and Methods: This prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the infertility clinics and radiology departments of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, both in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, between July, 2021 and February, 2022. Hysterosalpingography was done after written informed consent by the patient. The Visual Analogue Scale and Numerical Rating Scale were used to grade pain levels during and after the procedure, respectively. Data were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows®, version 25. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.                         Student’s t-test was used to compare sample means, and Chi-square, for testing                    associations. Results: The odds of experiencing pain increased with increasing age (Crude OR = 3.48 – 5.34; p = < 0.05). Women with tertiary level of education were three times more likely to report pain (Crude OR = 3.58; p = 0.029) than those with primary level of education.  Parity (ꭓ2 = 19.85; p – 0.001), type of infertility (ꭓ2 = 5.93; p = 0.015) and duration of infertility (ꭓ2 = 11.08; p = 0.004) had significant relationships with the severity of pain perception. Dysmenorrhoea (Crude OR = 1.99; p = 0.001) was also significantly associated with pain perception. Pain was two times more likely to be experienced by women with abnormal hysterosalpingography findings. Conclusion: Our study established that the predictors of pain perception in hysterosalpingography were age, level of education, duration of marriage, duration of infertility, parity, number of children, type of infertility, dysmenorrhoea and abnormal findings on hysterosalpingography.

Background: Infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Hysterosalpingography plays a very crucial role the evaluation of the women with infertility. Objective: To determine the relationship between pre-procedure anxiety and procedure-associated pain among infertile women undergoing hysterosalpingography. Materials and Methods: This prospective survey was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiology Departments of the two tertiary health institutions in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, from January to August, 2021. Hysterosalpingography was done for 380 infertile women, after obtaining written informed consent. Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were used to grade levels of anxiety and pain, respectively. Data were entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables; mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: The pre-procedure anxiety scores showed significant, positive, and strong relationship with post-procedure pain scores, reflected in a correlation coefficient of 0.50 (p – 0.001). For every unit change in anxiety score, there was an estimated 25.4% change in the pain perception documented by the participants. For participants who had an anxiety score of 0, there was an average pain score of 3.45. Conclusion: This study established a positive correlation between pre-hysterosalpingography anxiety scores and post-hysterosalpingography pain scores.