The Integrated Preventive Monitoring began in 2002 with the initiative of the Public Ministry of the State of Bahia, and the Hydrographic Basin Committee of the São Francisco River. In Alagoas the Defense Center of Environment Public Ministry of the State coordinates the same. The representation of the Veterinarian in Integrated Preventive Surveillance is responsible for the activities in slaughterhouses and dairy, wild fauna and ichthyofauna, and in the fight against the irregular disposal of residues of dangerous products. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the importance of the veterinary professional in the FPI actions of the São Francisco River Basin. The work has resulted in the improvement of the well-being of the riverside population of the São Francisco River and, consequently, it has minimized the environmental impacts caused by the socioeconomic disruption of the region of the referred Basin.