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One of the commonly accepted indicators for assessing the level of development of any nation is the efficient management of its refuse. Inefficient management of refuse poses great threats to public health in any environment. The indiscriminate dumping of refuse is unsightly, risky and exposes people to diseases. This paper examined the environmental risk-factors arising from indiscriminate disposal of refuse by residents of Ekiti-State. The paper also identified those risk-factors, such as water pollution, air pollution, flooding, environmental accidents, outbreak of diseases which can lead to health hazards ranging from mild ill-health to severe health calamities. Suggestions were made to help checkmate the risk-factors of indiscriminate disposal of refuse in Ekiti-State.

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T he Nigerian education system is guided by the provisions of the National Policy on Education (2004). The policy, which was fi rst published in 1977, provides for the '6-3-3-4' system of education. This implies six years of primary education, three years of junior secondary education, three years of senior secondary education and four years of tertiary education. The teacher education programme in Nigeria falls within the four-year tertiary education spectrum. Section 8, subsections 70-9, of the National Policy on Education (2004) specifi cally provided for teacher education. According to Section 8, subsection 70b, of the policy, 'the minimum qualifi cation for entry into the teacher profession shall be the Nigeria Certifi cate in Education (NCE)'. In addition, Section 8, subsection 72, of the policy specifi ed the institutions that shall give 'the required professional training provided they continuously meet the required minimum standards'. These institutions are: Colleges of Education, Faculties of Education, Institutes of Education, the National Teachers' Institute (NTI), Schools of Education in polytechnics, the National Institute for Nigerian Languages (NINLAN) and the National Mathematical Centre (NMC). Every nation strives towards the provision of quality education for its citizens. This is in realisation of the fact that education is indeed necessary to engineer and consolidate any nation's developmental process. It should be noted, however, that the provision of quality education will be in jeopardy if the teachers are haphazardly employed, poorly remunerated, not rewarded for incidental contributions and not exposed to continuous self-development (Onyene, 2001). The role of the teacher in ensuring the success of any education system cannot be overemphasised. This fact has been recognised by the government of Nigeria in its National Policy of Education (revised 2004), that no education system can rise above the quality of its teachers. The policy further noted the need for 'highly motivated conscientious and effective' teaching staff at all levels of education. Teachers are implementers of every policy on education. It is the teacher who translates policy into action at the classroom level. It is he who injects reality into educational decisions and it is he who concretises the curriculum (Anadi, 1992).

Fast-food eating, a dietary pattern that used to be uniquely foreign, has gradually become part of the lifestyle of people in Nigeria, especially those in urban centres. However, studies have shown that the fat dietary behaviour of people while eating generally or in a fast-food restaurant will determine if they are going to be affected by the amount of fat they consume. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the level of consumption of fast food and dietary self-efficacy of undergraduates in three universities in south-west Nigeria to ascertain their confidence in engaging in fatrestrictive actions. A total number of 1950 undergraduate respondents participated in the study. The instrument used for collecting data was a questionnaire, and the data collected were analysed using Pearson's product -moment correlation and t-test. The results indicated that most of the respondents had high consumption of fast food and that the majority of them had moderate dietary self-efficacy in their ability to engage in fat-restrictive actions. Male and female respondents did not differ in the level of consumption of fast food and dietary self-efficacy. In addition, residential and nonresidential undergraduates differ in consumption of fast food, but do not differ in dietary self-efficacy. It is concluded, therefore, that there is high consumption of fast foods and moderate dietary self-efficacy among the undergraduates.