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Some wild edible mushrooms, Amanita rubescens (Ar), Boletus frostii (Bf), Lactarius indigo (Li), and Ramaria flava (Rf), were analyzed to determine their proximate analysis and free amino acid and free fatty acid contents. The proximate composition was determined by AOAC and AACC methods. Total free amino acids were extracted (methanol/chloroform/water) at room temperature, purified on a cation resin, and derivatized with trifluoracetic anhydride. Free fatty acids were obtained by a Soxtec extraction with chloroform/methanol (2:1) and derivatized to their methyl ester form. The identification and quantitation of all compounds were performed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. The protein contents of the analyzed mushrooms (17.5, 15.8, 13.2, and 14.5%, respectively) were more significant than wheat (13.2%). The total free amino acid range of all analyzed edible mushrooms was 23.17−47.41 mg/g. A. rubescens had the largest amounts of glutamic acid, lysine, and alanine (17.53, 6.95, and 2.79 mg/g, respectively). The total free fatty acid composition (32.96−109.69 mg/g) were significantly different among all species, and on a quantitative basis, they were predominantly unsaturated in nature. A. rubescens presented the highest levels of C18:1 and C18:2, which were 69.3 and 21.7 mg/g, respectively, on a dry weight basis, followed by B. frostii. Keywords: Free amino acid; free fatty acid; wild edible mushroom; Amanita rubescens; Boletus frostii; Lactarius indigo; Ramaria flava; GC−MS

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This study aim to evaluate the effect of Casimiroa edulis and Crataegus pubescens aqueous extracts on cardiac lipotoxicity in obese rats. Both extracts decrease cardiac hypertrophy and steatosis in high fat and fructose (HFF)‐diet‐fed obese rats. C. pubescens decreases the cardiac content of 16 and 18 carbon‐length fatty acids, whereas C. edulis extract does not alter the fatty acid profile. Regarding lipotoxic compounds, C. pubescens reduces the cardiac content of 16 and 18 carbon‐length ceramides and diacylglycerols, whereas C. edulis extract reduces ≥20 carbon‐length lipotoxic compounds. Both extracts down‐regulate fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (Acaca) (lipogenesis), glyceril‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (Gpat) (diacylglycerol synthesis) and serine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Spt1) (ceramide synthesis), and up‐regulate carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1) and acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (Acadm) (β‐oxidation), and the greatest effect is observed with C. pubescens. In addition, C. edulis exerts the greatest cardiac anti‐inflammatory activity, whereas C. pubescens shows the highest cardiac antioxidant activity. The cardioprotective effect of C. pubescens may be associated with its content of (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, (+)‐catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and β‐campesterol, whereas the beneficial effect of C. edulis may be related to its high content of steroidal saponins and alkaloids. Therefore, these results demonstrate that both herbal aqueous extracts ameliorate cardiac lipotoxicity in HFF‐diet‐fed rats, and C. pubescens exerts a greater beneficial effect. Practical Applications: This study proposes the characterization of fatty acids and lipotoxic compounds (ceramides and diacylglycerols) of cardiac tissue in combination with the determination of the expression of specific genes related to lipid metabolism to identify the mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effects of herbal extracts. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the cardioprotective potential of Casimiroa edulis and Crataegus pubescens aqueous extracts through the modulation of cardiac lipid metabolism in high fat and fructose diet fed obese rats. Therefore, these herbs can be used for the development of functional beverages or the extraction of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective effect.